1260
From Freepedia
For broader historical context, see 1260s and 13th century.
| Years: 1257 1258 1259 - 1260 - 1261 1262 1263 | |
| Decades: 1230s 1240s 1250s - 1260s - 1270s 1280s 1290s | |
| Centuries: 12th century - 13th century - 14th century 1260 state leaders | |
Contents |
Events
Europe
Image:Cathedral of Chartres, western spires.JPG
War and politics
- September 4 - The Senese Ghibellines, supported by the forces of King Manfred of Sicily, defeats the Florentine Guelphs at Montaperti.
- King Otakar II of Bohemia captures Styria from King Bela IV of Hungary in the Battle of Kressenbrunn.
- The Baltic Samogitians and Curonians defeat the Teutonic knights in the Battle of Durbe.
- The Duchy of Saxony is divided into Saxony-Lauenberg and Saxony-Wittenberg, marking the end of the first Saxon state.
- War breaks out in the Valais (today in Switzerland) as the Bishopry of Sion defends against an invasion by the County of Savoy.
Culture
- October 24 - The spectacular Cathedral of Chartres is dedicated in the presence of King Louis IX of France; the cathedral is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- Construction on the Dunkeld Cathedral begins in Perthshire, Scotland.
- Construction begins on the cathedral at Meißen.
- Construction begins on the cathedral at Schwerin.
- Jacobus de Voragine compiles his work, the Golden Legend, a late medieval best-seller.
- Nicola Pisano sculpts the pulpit of the Pisa Baptistery.
- German musical theorist Franco of Cologne publishes Ars Cantus Mensurabilis, in which he advances a new theory of musical notation in which the length of a musical note is denoted by the shape of that note, a system still used today.
- The mosaic Christ between the Virgin and St Minias is made on the facade of Florence's Basilica di San Miniato al Monte.
Asia
- May 5 - Kublai Khan becomes ruler of the Mongol Empire.
- September 3 - The Mamluks defeat the Mongols at the Battle of Ain Jalut in Palestine, marking their first decisive defeat and the point of maximum expansion of the Mongol Empire.
- The Sena Dynasty of Bengal falls.
- The Chinese era Jingding begins and ends in the Northern Song Dynasty of China.
- The Japanese Shogen era ends, and the Bun'o era begins.
- The Hindu Silharya Dynasty, which ruled an area around Mumbai, ends.
- The newly formed Sukhothai kingdom of Thailand adopts Theravada Buddhism.
Africa
- October 24 - Saif ad-Din Qutuz, Mamluk sultan of Egypt, is assassinated by Baibars, who seizes power for himself.
Births
- Henry de Cobham, 1st Baron Cobham (died 1339)
- Matthew Csák, ruler of the Váh and the Tatras regions in present-day Slovakia (died 1321)
- Meister Eckhart, German theologian, philosopher and mystic (died 1328)
- Agnes of France, only daughter of Louis VII of France by his third wife Adèle of Champagne (died 1240)
- Andronicus II, Byzantine Emperor (died 1332)
- Enguerrand de Marigny, minister to King Philip IV of France
- Guillaume de Nogaret, keeper of the seal to King Philip IV of France (year very uncertain) (died 1313)
- Maximus Planudes, Byzantine grammarian and theologian (approximate date; died 1330)
- Farsi, Persian mathematician and physicist (died 1320)
Deaths
- October 24 - Saif ad-Din Qutuz, Mamluk sultan of Egypt
- Franciscus Accursius, Italian jurist (approximate date)
- Matilda II of Bologne, sovereign Countess of Bologne
- Aymer de Valence, Bishop of Winchester
In fiction
- Disney comic book character Sir Swamphole McDuck dies.
- In the television series Babylon 5, the first Shadow War occurs between the Shadows and an alliance led by the Vorlons and Minbari.
