1275

From Freepedia

For broader historical context, see 1270s and 13th century.

Years: 1272 1273 1274 - 1275 - 1276 1277 1278

Decades: 1240s 1250s 1260s - 1270s - 1280s 1290s 1300s

Centuries: 12th century - 13th century - 14th century 1275 state leaders

Contents 1 Events 1.1 Europe 1.1.1 War and politics 1.1.2 Culture, religion, and science 1.2 Asia 2 Eras and population estimates 3 Births 4 Deaths 5 In fiction

Events

Europe

War and politics

• April 22 - The first of the Statutes of Westminster are passed by the English parliament, establishing a series of laws in its 51 clauses, including equal treatment of rich and poor, free and fair elections, and definition of bailable and non-bailable offenses.
• Eleanor de Montfort is captured by pirates in the employ of Edward I of England to prevent her marriage to Llywelyn the Last, prince of Wales; she is used as a bargaining chip over the coming years in Edward's attempts to subjugate Llywelyn and Wales.
• Scottish forces defeat the Manx of the Isle of Man in a decisive battle, firmly establishing Scottish rule of the island.

Culture, religion, and science

• Jean de Meun completes the French allegorical work of fiction, Roman de la Rose, with a second section; the first section was written by Guillaume de Lorris in 1230.
• A purported witch is first burned to death by sentence of a judicial inquisitor in Toulouse, France.
• The verge escapement, a simple type of escapement used in clocks, is invented (exact year unknown).
• Ramon Llull establishes a school in Majorca to teach Arabic to preachers in an attempt to aid proselytizing to Moors. He also discovers diethyl ether.
• The first main survey of the Hundred Rolls, an English census seen as a follow up to the Domesday Book completed in 1086, is finished; it began in 1274.

Asia

• Invading Mongol forces capture the Chinese city of Suzhou.
• Marco Polo purportedly visits Xanadu, Kublai Khan's summer capital of the Mongol Empire.
• The city of Kunming is made capital of the Yunnan province of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty.
• Nestorian monk Rabban Bar Sauma begin his pilgrimage from China towards Jerusalem

Eras and population estimates

• The era of the tosafot, Medieval commentators on the Talmud, ends (began 1100).
• The population of Bushmen in Basutoland (modern-day Lesotho) is estimated at 125,000.
• The Japanese era Bun'ei ends, and the Kenji era begins.

Births

• September 27 - John II, Duke of Brabant (died 1312)
• William of Alnwick, Franciscan theologian (approximate date; died 1333)
• Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Lord Badlesmere (died 1322)
• Walter V of Brienne, Duke of Athens (approximate date; died 1311)
• Edward Bruce, Scottish nobleman (approximate date; died 1318)
• Dnyaneshwar, Hindu saint and poet (died 1296)
• Gediminas, Duke of Lithuania (approximate date; died 1341)
• Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor (approximate date; died 1313)
• Mondino de Liuzzi, Italian physician and anatomist (died 1326)
• John Menteith, Scottish nobleman (approximate date; died 1323)
• Giovanni Villani, Florentine writer (approximate date; died 1348)
• Giovanni d'Andrea, Italian jurist

Deaths

• April 13 - Eleanor of England (born 1215)
• September 24 - Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford, Constable of England (born 1208)
• Bohemund VI of Antioch (born 1237)
• Ferdinand de la Cerda, Crown Prince of Castile

In fiction

• The fictional Balkan country of Syldavia, appearing in several of Hergé's Tintin stories, drive away the occupying power of (also fictional) Borduria.