April 19

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(Redirected from 19 April)

April 19 is the 109th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (110th in leap years). There are 256 days remaining.

Template:AprilCalendar2008

1 Events
2 Births
3 Deaths
4 Holidays and observances
5 External links

Events

1012 - Martyrdom of St Alphege in Greenwich, London.
1529 - At the Diet of Speyer, a group of rulers (German: Fürst) and independent cities (German: Reichsstadt) protests the reinstatement of the Edict of Worms, beginning the Protestant movement.
1587 - Sir Francis Drake sinks the French fleet in Cádiz Harbor.
1692 - Bridget Bishop's (in Salem, MA--accused of being a witch) trial.
1713 - With no living male heirs, Emperor Charles VI issues the Pragmatic Sanction to ensure that Habsburg lands and the Austrian throne would be inherited by his daughter, Maria Theresa.
1775 - American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Lexington and Concord – British General Thomas Gage attempts to confiscate American colonists' firearms. Captain John Parker order his band of minutemen to not fire unless fired upon. Random shots rang out among the British soldiers. The minutemen promptly fired back. This was the "shot heard round the world." The British are driven back to Boston, Massachusetts, thus beginning the American Revolutionary War.
1809 - The army of Austria attacks and is defeated by the forces of the Duchy of Warsaw in the Battle of Raszyn, part of the struggles of the Fifth Coalition.
1810 - Venezuela achieves home rule: Emparan, Governor of the Captaincy General is removed by the people of Caracas and a Junta is installed.
1839 - The Treaty of London establishes Belgium as a kingdom.
1861 - American Civil War: A pro-Secession mob in Baltimore, Maryland, attacks United States Army troops marching through the city.
1892 - Charles Duryea claims to have driven the first automobile in the United States, in Springfield, Massachusetts.
1904 - Much of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, is destroyed by fire.
1909 - Joan of Arc receives beatification.
1919 - Leslie Irvin of the United States makes the first successful parachute jump and free fall.
1927 - Mae West is sentenced to 10 days in jail for obscenity for her play Sex.
1928 - The 125th and final fascicle of the Oxford English Dictionary is published.
1933 - President Franklin D. Roosevelt announces that the United States will be abandoning the gold standard.
1934 - Shirley Temple debuts in Stand Up and Cheer.
1938 - RCA–NBC begins regular television broadcasts.
1943 - World War II: In Poland, German troops enter the Warsaw ghetto to round up the remaining Jews, beginning the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.
1943 - Bicycle Day – Swiss chemist Dr. Albert Hofmann deliberately takes LSD for the first time.
1950 - Argentina becomes a signatory to the Buenos Aires copyright treaty.
1951 - General Douglas MacArthur retires from the military.
1956 - Actress Grace Kelly marries Rainier III of Monaco.
1960 - Students in South Korea hold a nationwide pro-democracy protest against their president Syngman Rhee, eventually forcing him to resign.
1961 - The Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba ends in failure.
1971 - Sierra Leone becomes a republic, and Siaka Stevens the president.
1971 - Vietnam War: Vietnam Veterans Against the War begin a five-day demonstration in Washington, DC.
1971 - Charles Manson is sentenced to life in prison for the Sharon Tate murders.
1971 - Launch of Salyut 1, first human-made space station.
1978 - Lagumot Harris is elected President of Nauru.
1980 - In The Hague, Netherlands, Johnny Logan wins the twenty-fifth Eurovision Song Contest for Ireland singing "What's Another Year".
1989 - A gun turret explodes on the USS Iowa, killing 47 sailors.
1989 - Trisha Meili, the "Central Park Jogger" is raped.
1993 - The 50-day siege of the Branch Davidian building outside Waco, Texas, USA, ends when a fire breaks out. Eighty-one people die.
1995 - Oklahoma City bombing: The Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA, is bombed, killing 168.
1999 - The German Bundestag returns to Berlin.
2000 - An Air Philippines Boeing 737-200 crashes near Davao International Airport, killing 131.
2005 - Joseph Ratzinger elected Pope Benedict XVI on the second day of the Papal conclave.

Births

1320 - King Peter I of Portugal (d. 1367)
1452 - King Ferdinand II of Aragon (d. 1504)
1603 - Michel le Tellier, French statesman (d. 1685)
1658 - Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine (d. 1716)
1665 - Jacques Lelong, French bibliographer (d. 1721)
1686 - Vasily Tatishchev, Russian statesman (d. 1750)
1721 - Roger Sherman, signer of the U.S. Declaration of Independence (d. 1793)
1721 - Thomas McKean, signer of the U.S. Declaration of Independence (d. 1817)
1785 - Alexandre Pierre François Boëly, French composer (d. 1858)
1793 - Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria (d. 1875)
1832 - José Echegaray y Eizaguirre, Spanish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1916)
1874 - Ernst Rüdin, Swiss psychiatrist, geneticist, and eugenicist (d. 1952)
1883 - Richard von Mises, mathematician (d. 1953)
1892 - Germaine Tailleferre, French composer (d. 1983)
1897 - Peter de Noronha, Indian businessman and philanthropist (d. 1970)
1897 - Constance Talmadge, actress (d. 1973)
1899 - George O'Brien, American actor (d. 1985)
1900 - Richard Hughes, novelist (d. 1976)
1903 - Eliot Ness, American lawman (d. 1957)
1912 - Glenn Seaborg, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1999)
1919 - Merce Cunningham, American dancer and choreographher
1922 - Erich Hartmann, pilot
1925 - Hugh O'Brian, American actor
1928 - Alexis Korner, musician (d. 1984)
1930 - Dick Sargent, actor (d. 1994)
1933 - Jayne Mansfield, American actress (d. 1967)
1933 - Dickie Bird, cricket umpire
1935 - Dudley Moore, actor, musician, comedian, composer (d. 2002)
1936 - Wilfried Martens, Prime Minister of Belgium
1937 - Elinor Donahue, American actress
1937 - Joseph Estrada, actor and President of the Philippines
1944 - James Heckman, American economist, Nobel Prize
1944 - Bernie Worrell, keyboardist (P Funk)
1946 - Tim Curry, British actor
1947 - Murray Perahia, American pianist
1952 - Alexis Arguello, boxer
1953 - Ruby Wax, British television personality
1960 - Frank Viola, baseball player
1960 - Roger Merrett, Australian footballer
1962 - Al Unser, Jr., race car driver
1965 - Suge Knight, record producer
1967 - Steven H Silver, science fiction editor
1967 - Dar Williams, American musician and songwriter
1968 - Mswati III, King of Swaziland
1968 - Ashley Judd, actress
1970 - Kelly Holmes, athlete
1970 - Luis Miguel, singer
1972 - Rivaldo, Brazilian footballer
1975 - Jason Gillespie, Australian Cricketer
1978 - James Franco, American actor
1979 - Kate Hudson, actress
1981 - Hayden Christensen, actor
1981 - Catalina Sandino Moreno, actress
1987 - Maria Sharapova, Russian tennis player

Deaths

1012 - Alphege, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 954)
1054 - Pope Leo IX (b. 1002)
1390 - King Robert II of Scotland (b. 1316)
1560 - Philipp Melanchthon, German humanist and reformer (b. 1497)
1578 - Uesugi Kenshin, Japanese samurai and warlord (b. 1530)
1588 - Paolo Veronese, Italian painter
1608 - Thomas Sackville, 1st Earl of Dorset, English statesman and poet (b. 1536)
1627 - John Beaumont, English poet (b. 1583)
1629 - Sigismondo d'India, Italian composer
1632 - King Sigismund I of Sweden (b. 1561)
1686 - Antonio de Solís y Ribadeneyra, Spanish writer (b. 1610)
1689 - Queen Christina of Sweden (b. 1626)
1733 - Elizabeth Villiers, mistress of William II of England
1768 - Canaletto, Italian artist (b. 1697)
1813 - Benjamin Rush, physician, activist (b. 1745)
1824 - George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron, English poet (b. 1788)
1881 - Benjamin Disraeli, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1804)
1882 - Charles Darwin, English biologist (b. 1809)
1906 - Pierre Curie, French physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1859)
1914 - Charles Sanders Peirce, American philosopher and mathematician (b. 1839)
1916 - Ephraim Shay, American inventor (b. 1839)
1926 - Alexander Alexandrovich Chuprov, Russian statistician (b. 1874)
1930 - Georges-Casimir Dessaulles, Canadian senator (b. 1827)
1937 - William Martin Conway, British art critic and mountaineer (b. 1856)
1949 - Ulrich Salchow, Swedish figure skater (b. 1877)
1950 - Ernst Robert Curtius, Alsatian philologist (b. 1886)
1958 - Robert Bentley, comedian and actor
1967 - Konrad Adenauer, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1876)
1971 - Earl Thomson, Canadian athlete (b. 1895)
1971 - Russ Hodges, American sports broadcaster
1973 - Hans Kelsen, Austrian-American legal theorist
1974 - Ayub Khan, President of Pakistan (b. 1907)
1975 - Percy L. Julian, chemist (b. 1899)
1987 - Maxwell D. Taylor, general, diplomat (b. 1901)
1987 - Hugh Brannum, American actor
1989 - Daphne du Maurier, author (b. 1907)
1992 - Frankie Howerd, comedian, actor (b. 1917)
1993 - David Koresh, American cult leader (b. 1959)
1998 - Octavio Paz, Mexican diplomat and writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1914)
2002 - Layne Staley, musician
2004 - Norris McWhirter, Scottish co-founder of the Guinness Book of Records (b. 1925)
2004 - John Maynard Smith, English bioligist (b. 1920)
2005 - Ruth Hussey, American actress (b. 1911)
2005 - Bryan Ottoson, musician (b. 1978)
2005 - Niels-Henning Ørsted Pedersen, Danish jazz bassist (b. 1946)

Holidays and observances

Patriots Day (Massachusetts, Maine, and Wisconsin, USA)
Declaration of Independence Day (Venezuela)
Republic Day (Sierra Leone)
Landing of the 33 (Uruguay)
Feast day of the following saints in the Roman Catholic Church:
Primrose Day (England) – primroses are placed on the statue of Benjamin Disraeli in Parliament Square, London on the anniversary of his death (1881). There was a mistaken idea that the primrose was Lord Beaconsfield's favourite flower, since Queen Victoria sent them to his funeral.
The Roman holiday of Cerealia ends. (Roman Empire)
Bicycle Day