AGM-86

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AGM-86B/AGM-86C
Image:ALCMCruiseMissile.JPG
Function	Air-to-ground strategic cruise missile
Contractor	Boeing Integrated Defense Systems
Unit cost	AGM-86B: $1 million; AGM-86C: additional $160,000 conversion cost
Deployment	AGM-86B: December 1982; AGM-86C: January 1991
General characteristics
Engine	Williams International F107-WR-10 turbofan engine
Launch weight	1,429 kg
Length	6.3 m
Diameter	0.62 m
Wing span	3.65 m
Speed	AGM-86B: 890 km/h (Mach 0.73); AGM 86C: classified (nominal high subsonic)
Range	AGM-86B: 2,400+ km; AGM-86C: classified (nominal 1,100 km)
Flying altitude
Warhead	AGM-86B: Nuclear capable; AGM-86C; Block 0, 900 kg class, Block I, 1,400 kg class
Guidance	AGM-86B: Litton inertial navigation element with terrain contour-matching updates; AGM 86C: Litton INS element integrated with multi-channel onboard GPS
Fuzes
Launch platform	B-52H bomber

The Boeing AGM-86B and AGM-86C ALCM are sub-sonic air-launched cruise missiles (ALCMs) operated by the United States Air Force. The missiles were developed to increase the effectiveness and survivability of Boeing B-52H bombers. In combination, they dilute an enemy's forces and complicate defense of its territory. The ALCM is being replaced in the nuclear role by the AGM-129 ACM, with most ALCM's being converted to carry conventional warheads.

1 Features
2 Background
- 2.1 AGM-86A/B
- 2.2 AGM-86C
3 Other characteristics
4 External link
5 Source

Features

The small, winged AGM-86B/C missile is powered by a turbofan jet engine that propels it at sustained subsonic speeds and can be launched from both high and low altitudes. After launch, the missile's folded wings, tail surfaces and engine inlet deploy. The nuclear AGM-86B is then able to fly complicated routes to a target through use of a terrain contour-matching guidance system. The conventionally armed AGM-86C uses an onboard Global Positioning System (GPS) coupled with its inertial navigation system (INS) to fly. This allows the missile to guide itself to the target with pinpoint accuracy.

AGM-86B/C missiles increase flexibility in target selection. AGM-86B missiles can be air-launched in large numbers by the bomber force. B-52H bombers carry six AGM-86B or AGM-86C missiles on each of two externally mounted pylons and eight internally on a rotary launcher, giving the B-52H a maximum capacity of 20 missiles per aircraft.

The AGM-86C CALCM differs from the AGM-86B air launched cruise missile in that it carries a conventional blast/fragmentation payload rather than a nuclear payload.

An enemy force would have to counterattack each of the missiles, making defense against them costly and complicated. The enemy's defenses are further hampered by the missiles' small size and low-altitude flight capability, which makes them difficult to detect on radar.

Background

AGM-86A/B

In February 1974, the U.S. Air Force entered into contract to develop and flight-test the prototype or proof-of-concept vehicle AGM-86A air-launched cruise missile, which was slightly smaller than the later B and C models. The 86A model did not go into production. Instead, in January 1977, the Air Force began full-scale development of the AGM-86B, which greatly enhanced the B-52's capabilities and helped the USA maintain a strategic deterrent.

Production of the initial 225 AGM-86B missiles began in fiscal year 1980 and production of a total 1,715 missiles was completed in October 1986. The air-launched cruise missile had become operational four years earlier, in December 1982. More than 100 launches have taken place since then, with a 90 percent approximate success rate. The missile's flight path is pre-programmed and it becomes totally autonomous after launch.

In June 1986 a limited number of AGM-86B missiles were converted to carry a high-explosive blast/fragmentation warhead and an internal GPS. They were redesignated as the AGM-86C CALCM. This modification also replaced the B model's terrain contour-matching guidance system and integrated a GPS capability with the existing inertial navigation computer system.

AGM-86C

The AGM-64C is a Conventional Air-Launched Cruise Missile (CALCM) and is a conventional derivative of the nuclear armed AGB-86B.

The CALCM became operational in January 1991 at the onset of Operation Desert Storm. Seven B-52s from Barksdale AFB launched 35 missiles at designated launch points in the U. S. Central Command's area of responsibility to attack high-priority targets in Iraq. These "round-robin" missions marked the beginning of the air campaign for Kuwait's liberation and are the longest known aircraft combat sorties in history (more than 14,000 miles and 35 hours of flight), this record previously held by Royal Air Force Vulcan bombers.

CALCM's most recent employment occurred in September 1996 during Operation Desert Strike. In response to Iraq's continued hostilities against the Kurds in northern Iraq, the Air Force launched 13 CALCMs in a joint attack with the Navy. This mission has put the CALCM program in the spotlight for future modifications.

In 1996 and 1997, 200 additional CALCMs were produced from excess ALCMs. These missiles, designated Block I, incorporate improvements such as a larger and improved conventional payload (3,000 pound blast class), a multi-channel GPS receiver and integration of the buffer box into the GPS receiver. The upgraded avionics package was retrofitted into all existing CALCM (Block 0) so all AGM-86C missiles are electronically identical.