Abbeville
From Freepedia
- For other places with the same name, see Abbeville (disambiguation).
Image:AbbevilleCollégialeStVulfran2004-04-27.jpg Image:Abbeville Beffroi 2005-09-29.jpg
Abbeville is a city in the Picardie région, in the north of France.
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Location
Abbeville is located on the Somme River, 12 m. from its modern mouth in the English Channel, and 28 m. northwest of Amiens. In the medieval period, it was the lowest crossing point on the Somme and it was nearby that Edward III's army crossed shortly before the Battle of Crécy in 1346
Administration
Abbeville was the chief town of the former province of Ponthieu. Today, it is one of the three sous-préfectures of the Somme département.
Prehistory
The name Abbeville has been adopted to name a category of early stone tools. These stone tools are also known as handaxes. Various handaxes were found near Abbeville by Jacques Boucher de Perthes during the 1830's and he was the first to desribe the stones in detail, pointing out in the first publication of its kind, that the stones were chipped deliberately by early man, so as to form a tool. These earliest stone tools found in Europe were chipped on both sides so as to form a sharp edge, are now known as Abbevillian handaxes or bifaces . The earlier form of stone tools, not found in Europe are known as Oldewan choppers . A more refined and later version of handax production was also found in the Abbeville/Somme River district. The more refined handax became known as the Acheulean industry, named after Saint Acheul, today a suburb of Amiens .
History
Abbeville first appears in history during the 9th century. At that time belonging to the abbey of St Riquier, it was afterwards governed by the Counts of Ponthieu. Together with that county, it came into the possession of the Alençon and other French families, and afterwards into that of the house of Castile, from whom by marriage it fell in 1272 to King Edward I of England. French and English were its masters by turns till 1435 when, by the treaty of Arras, it was ceded to the Duke of Burgundy. In 1477 it was annexed by King Louis XI of France, and was held by two illegitimate branches of the royal family in the 16th and 17th centuries, being in 1696 reunited to the crown.
Abbeville was fairly important in the 18th century, when the Van Robais Royal Manufacture (one of the first major factories in France) brought great prosperity (but some class controversy) to the town. Voltaire, among others, wrote about it. He also wrote about a major incident of intolerance in which a young impoverished lord, the Chevalier de la Barre, was executed there for impiety (supposedly because he did not salute a procession for Corpus Christi, though the story is far more complex than that and revolves around a mutilated cross.)
Historical population:
- 1901: 18,519
- 1906: 18,971
Sights
The city was very picturesque until the early days of World War II, when it was bombed mostly to rubble in one night by the Germans. The town overall is now mostly modern and rebuilt. Several of the town's attractions remain, including:
- St. Vulfran's church, erected in the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries. The original design was not completed. The nave has only two bays and the choir is insignificant. The facade is a magnificent specimen of the flamboyant Gothic style, flanked by two Gothic towers.
See also
This article incorporates text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, which is in the public domain.
The following text, from a turn of the century encyclopedia should be updated, wikified and incorporated into the above article:
It lies in a pleasant and fertile valley, and is built partly on an island and partly on both sides of the river, which is canalized from this point to the estuary. The streets are narrow, and the houses are mostly picturesque old structures, built of wood, with many quaint gables and dark archways. The most remarkable building is the church of St Vulfran. Abbeville has several other old churches and an Hotel de Ville, with a belfry of the 13th century. Among the numerous old houses, that known as the Maison de Francois I, which is the most remarkable, dates from the 16th century. There is a statue of Admiral Courbet (d. 1885) by Alexandre Falguière in the chief square. The public institutions include tribunals of first instance and of commerce, a board of trade-arbitrators, and a communal college. Abbeville is an important industrial centre; in addition to its old-established manufacture of cloth, hemp-spinning, sugar-making, ship-building and locksmiths' work are carried on; there is active commerce in grain, but the port has little trade.
