Anton van Leeuwenhoek
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Anton[1] van Leeuwenhoek (October 24, 1632 - August 30, 1723, full name Thonius Philips van Leeuwenhoek) was a tradesman and scientist from Delft, Netherlands. He was known as "the Father of Microbiology". Born the son of a basket weaver, he is best known for his contribution to improvement of the microscope and his contributions towards the establishment of cell biology. Using his handcrafted microscope he was the first to observe and describe muscle fibers, bacteria, spermatozoa and blood flow in capillaries (small blood vessels).
Van Leeuwenhoek ground over 500 optical lenses during his lifetime. He also created over 400 different types of microscopes, only nine of which still exist today. His microscopes were made of silver or copper metal frames holding home-wrought lenses. Those that survived the years are able to magnify up to 270 times. It is suspected, though, that Antoni possessed some microscopes that could magnify up to 500 times.
In 1654, he moved back to Delft and started a drapery business, since he had been educated as a textile salesman. He used a magnifying lens to study the quality of the cloth he sold, which magnified at about 3x power. These little devices are up to today still called "thread counters" in Dutch, when literally translated. The microscopes were very minute, and were held by the thumb and index finger. He was introduced to microscopy by Huygens to observe the quality of the fabrics that he sold. His microscope was used and improved by Christiaan Huygens for his own investigations into microscopy. From there, he grew an insatiable interest for the field. He spent his nights studying everything he could and carefully noted his observations.
After this important invention and his thorough use of it, he was introduced to the Royal Society by the famous Dutch Physician Regnier de Graaf. This resulted in his appointment in 1680. Ever since his invitation, he wrote approximately 560 letters to the society and other scientific institutions over a period of 50 years. These letters dealt with the subjects he had investigated. In 1674 he discovered infusoria (dated zoölogical category,) in 1676 he discovered bacteria, in 1677 he discovered spermatozoi and in 1682 he discovered the banded pattern of muscular fibers.
In 1660, Van Leeuwenhoek was appointed chamberlain of the Lord Regents of Delft. Nine years later he obtained a degree in geography, leading to his appointment as geographer in 1679.
He died at the age of 91, on August 30, 1723.
Possible Vermeer connection
Van Leeuwenhoek was a contemporary of that other famous Delft citizen, painter Johannes Vermeer, who was baptized just four days earlier. It has been suggested that he is the man portrayed in two of Vermeer's paintings of the late 1660s, The astronomer and The geographer. Because they were both relatively important men in a city with only 24,000 inhabitants, it is possible that they were at least acquaintances. Also, it is known that Van Leeuwenhoek acted as the executor when the painter died in 1675. However, others argue that there appears to be little physical similarity[2].
Notes
^ The given name Anton can also be found written as Anthon, Anthony, Antonie, Antony, Anthonie, Antoni, Antonio and Anthoni.
References
- ^ Van Berkel, K. (February 24 1996). Vermeer, Van Leeuwenhoek en De Astronoom. Vrij Nederland (Dutch magazine), p. 62–67.
- ^ http://www.adherents.com/people/pl/Antony_van_Leeuwenhoek.html
- ^ A. Schierbeek, PhD, Editor-in-Chief of the Collected Letters of A. v. Leeuwenhoek, Formerly Lecturer in the History of Biology in the University of Leyden, Measuring the Invisible World: The Life and Works of Antoni van Leeuwenhoek F R S, Abelard-Schuman (London and New York, 1959), QH 31 L55 S3, LC 59-13233 . This book (223 pp.) contains excerpts of Leeuwenhoek’s letters and focuses on his priority in several new branches of science, but makes several important references to his spiritual life and motivation.
- ^ http://www.creationsafaris.com/wgcs_2.htm
