Apsû
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Amurru | Anat | Asherah | Astarte | Baʿal | Dagon | El | Hadad | Mot | Yaw | |
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| Mesopotamian deities | |
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Adad | An/Anu | Anshar | Asshur | Abzu/Apsu | Enki/Ea | Enlil | Ereshkigal | Inanna/Ishtar | Kingu | Kishar | Lahmu & Lahamu | Marduk | Mummu | Nabu | Nammu | Nanna/Sin | Nergal | Ninhursag/Damkina | Ninlil | Tiamat | Utu/Shamash | |
The apsû (also known as abzu or engur) was the name for the mythological underground freshwater ocean in Sumerian and Akkadian mythology. Lakes, springs, rivers, wells, and other sources of fresh water were thought to draw their water from the apsû.
The Sumerian god Enki (Ea in Akkadian) was believed to have lived in the apsû since before human beings were created. His wife Damgalnuna, his mother Nammu, and a variety of subservient creatures also lived in the apsû.
In Eridu Enki's temple was known as E-abzu ("the abzu temple"). Certain tanks of holy water in Babylonian and Assyrian temple courtyards were also called apsû or abzu.
As a deity
- Main article: Enûma Elish
Apsû is depicted as a deity only in the Babylonian creation epic, the Enûma Elish. In this story, he was a primal monster made of fresh water and a lover to another primal deity, Tiamat, who was a creature of salt water.
After Ea killed Apsû, he began to dwell inside of the dead god. This is considered as the origin of the apsû where Ea lives in myths set during later time periods. Marduk, though called "firstborn son of the apsû," is actually Ea's son, not Apsû's; the title is meant to be taken metaphorically, as Marduk was the first "child" born in the apsû.
References
- Gods, Demons, and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia by Jeremy Black and Anthony Green, ISBN 0-292-70794-0
