Arthur Edward Kennedy
From Freepedia
Sir Arthur Edward Kennedy (Chinese Translated Name 堅尼地) (5 April 1809–3 June 1883) was a British colonial administrator who served as governor of a number of British colonies, namely Sierra Leone, Western Australia, Vancouver Island, Hong Kong and Queensland.
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Early Life and Career
Arthur Kennedy was born in Cultra, County Down, Ireland on 5 April, 1809, the fourth son of Hugh Kennedy and his wife Grace Dorothea (née Hughes). He was educated by private tutor and in 1823–24 attended Trinity College, Dublin, where he met his predecessor as Governor of Hong Kong, Sir Richard Graves MacDonnell.
Kennedy entered the British army, and was gazetted an ensign in the 27th Foot 11th Regiment on August 15 1827. Until 1837 he served with infantry regiments on Corfu. He then bought a commission, and spent 1838&ndash39 and 1841–44 in British North America as a captain in the 68th Regiment.
Kennedy returned to Ireland in 1846, and the following year sold his captaincy and took up an appointment with the Poor Law Commission. His job was to administer relief to the many inhabitants of County Clare who were affected by the Potato Famine.
Colonial Services
In 1851, the famine having ended, Kennedy's position was abolished, and he applied for a position in the colonial service. In May 1852 he was appointed Governor of Gambia, but before assuming office he was appointed Governor of Sierra Leone instead. He served in this office until 1854, during which time he made many administrative changes in an attempt to reform the corrupt and inefficient government.
Governor of Western Australia
In 1854, Kennedy was promoted to the position of Governor of Western Australia. He took up the position the following year, serving until 1862. He reputably had an autocratic manner and was considered a despot by many Western Australians. Popular opinion quickly turned against him, and in August 1856 a public meeting was held in Perth to protest against his methods. During his tenure as governor, Western Australia flourished, essentially because of the large amount of British money that was spent in the colony under the system of penal transportation of convicts. However when Kennedy resigned in 1862, he claimed that much of the colony's success was due to his legislative efforts. On his return to England, he was appointed a CB.
Governor of Vancouver Island
Kennedy's next appointment came in July 1863. The decision had been made that Vancouver Island and British Columbia, which had previously been governed together by a single governor, were each to have their own governor, and Kennedy was appointed Governor of Vancouver Island. Compared to his previous appointments, Vancouver Island was comparatively insignificant, and might be considered a demotion. Kennedy arrived at Vancouver Island in March 1864. Facing an extremely aggressive Legislative Assembly determined to challenge his executive power, Kennedy achieved little of note in his two years in office. During this time the colony fell into a disastrous economic depression, and Kennedy was unfairly blamed by the colony's inhabitants. In 1866, news arrived of the impending union of the British North America Acts, which would result in the abolition of Kennedy's position. He left office in October 1866.
Governor of the West African Settlements
Kennedy returned to London, and in December 1867 he was knighted (KCB) and appointed Governor of the West African Settlements. He served there until 1872. In 1871 he was created a KCMG.
Governor of Hong Kong
In 1872, Kennedy was appointed the 7th Governor of Hong Kong, a position in which he served until 1877. During his tenure, he created the Hong Kong Dollar, which served as the unitary monetary unit for the territory.
Governor of Queensland
After his appointment as Governor of Hong Kong expired, Kennedy was immediately appointed Governor of Queensland, serving in that position until 1883. That was his last post in the Colonial Service. In 1881, Kennedy was created a GCMG.
Later life
On his resignation as Governor of Queensland, Kennedy boarded the Orient with the intention of returning to England. On 3 June 1883, when the Orient was off Aden in the Red Sea, Kennedy died. He was buried at sea.
Personal Life
In 1839, Kennedy married Georgina MacCartney, who died on 3 October, 1874. They had two daughters and a son, Arthur Herbert Williams, who entered the army.
Places Named After Him
Kennedy City, an area in the Western District of Hong Kong, and Kennedy Road, which is located in the mid-level of Wan Chai in Hong Kong, were both named after him.
References
- Sir Arthur Edward Kennedy at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
- Sir Arthur Edward Kennedy 1855–1862 at The Constitution Centre of Western Australia
| Preceded by: Sir Richard Graves MacDonnell | Governor of Gambia 1851-1852 | Followed by: Sir Luke Smythe O'Connor |
| Preceded by: Norman William MacDonald | Governor of Sierra Leone 1852 - 1854 | Followed by: Acting Administrator Robert Dougan |
| Preceded by: Captain Charles Fitzgerald | Governor of Western Australia 1855-1862 | Followed by: John Stephen Hampton |
| Preceded by: Sir James Douglas | Governor of Vancouver Island 1864-1866 | Followed by: None |
| Preceded by: Acting Administrator John Jennings Kendall | Governor of Sierra Leone 1868-1872 | Followed by: Sir John Pope Hennessy |
| Preceded by: Sir Richard Graves Macdonell | 7th Governor of Hong Kong 1872-1877 | Followed by: Sir John Pope Hennessy |
| Preceded by: Sir William Wellington Cairns | Governor of Queensland 1877-1883 | Followed by: Sir Anthony Musgrave |
Categories: 1809 births | 1883 deaths | Canadian historical figures | Governors of Hong Kong | Governors of Queensland | Governors of Western Australia
