Belgian monarchy
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Successive Belgian kings are
- 1831-1865: Léopold I (34)
- 1865-1909: Léopold II (44)
- 1909-1934: Albert I (25)
- 1934-1951: Léopold III (16)
- 1944-1950: Charles, reigned as Prince Regent
- 1951-1993: Baudouin I (42)
- Since 1993: Albert II (12)
None of these were "King of Belgium": their title is King of the Belgians. The latter phrase indicates a popular monarchy linked to the people of Belgium, whereas the former would indicate standard constitutional or absolute monarchy linked to territory and a state. Similarly, King Louis Philippe was proclaimed "King of the French" in 1830, not the traditional "King of France". The now abolished Greek monarchy similarly was titled "King of the Hellenes", indicating a personal link with the people, not just the state. More-over the Latin translation of "King of Belgium" would have been Rex Belgium, which from 1815 was the name for the King of the Netherlands. Therefore the Belgian separatists had to choose a Rex Belgarum.
It is also noteworthy that Belgium is the only current European monarchy that does not apply the tradition of the new king automatically ascending the throne upon the death or abdication of the former king. According to the Belgian constitution, the king only accedes to the throne when he takes a constitutional oath. For example, the present king did not become monarch on July 31, 1993 (the day his brother died) but on August 9 of that same year (when he took the constitutional oath). In all other current monarchies, the monarch becomes a monarch the moment his predecessor dies or abdicates.
Belgium has three official languages, of which Dutch and French are the most important. Many kings and members of the royal family are known under two names: a Dutch and a French one. For example, the current heir apparent is called Philippe in French and Filip in Dutch; the fifth King of the Belgians was Baudouin in French and Boudewijn in Dutch; the three kings who are known as Léopold in French are known as Leopold (without accent) in Dutch.
In German, which is Belgium's third official language, kings are usually referred to under their French names. The same is true for English (with the exception of Leopold, where the accent is removed for simplicity).
In Belgium, kings are always officially known with an ordinal, even when they are the first of their name. So King Baudouin was "King Baudouin I", even though there has not yet been a "King Baudouin II". (This is contrary to the system of ordinals used in Britain.)
Other members of the Belgian Royal Family
- Louise-Marie d'Orléans (wife of King Leopold I)
- Queen Marie Henriette (wife of King Leopold II)
- Elisabeth von Wittelsbach (wife of Albert I)
- Astrid of Sweden (wife of King Leopold III)
- Mary Lilian Baels, Princess de Réthy (second wife of King Leopold III)
- Fabiola de Mora y Aragón (wife of King Baudouin I)
- Paola Ruffo di Calabria (wife of King Albert II)
- Princess Joséphine-Charlotte of Belgium (Grand Duchess of Luxembourg, sister of Kings Baudouin and Albert II)
