Benjamin F. Tracy

From Freepedia

Benjamin Franklin Tracy (April 26, 1830–August 6,1915) was a United States political figure who served as Secretary of the Navy from 1889 through 1893, during the administration of U.S. President Benjamin Harrison.

A native of Owego, New York, Tracy was a lawyer active in Republican Party politics during the 1850s. During the Civil War, he served as a Union brigadier general. He reentered the law after the war and became active in New York state politics, serving as a U.S. District Attorney and as an New York State appeals court judge.

Tracy was noted for his role in the creation of the "New Navy", a major reform of the service, which had fallen into obsolescence after the Civil War. Like President Harrison, he supported a naval strategy focused more on offense, rather than on coastal defense and commerce raiding. A major ally in this effort was naval theorist Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan, who had served as a professor at the new Naval War College (founded 1884). In 1890, Mahan published his major work, The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660-1783--a book that achieved an international readership. Drawing on historical examples, Mahan supported the construction of a "blue-water Navy" that could do battle on the high seas.

Tracy also supported the construction of modern warships. On June 30, 1890, Congress passed the Navy Bill, a measure which authorized the construction of three battleships. The first three were later named USS Indiana (BB-1), Massachusetts (BB-2), and Oregon (BB-3). The battleship Iowa (BB-4) was authorized two years later.

After leaving the Navy Department, Tracy again took up his legal practice. He also helped negotiate a settlement to the boundary dispute between Venezuela and Great Britain. Tracy died in 1915.

USS Tracy (DD-214) was named for him.

External links

• The Spanish-American War: Historical Overview and Select Bibliography. Michael J. Crawford, Mark L. Hayes and Michael D. Sessions. 30 November 1998. Naval Historical Center. 22 September 2004.
• The Navy: The Oceanic Period, 1890-1945. Michael A. Palmer. Naval Historical Center. 22 September 2004.</b>

Copyright notice, from Naval Historical Center website: "Used by permission of Charles Scribner's Sons, an imprint of Simon & Schuster Macmillan from Encyclopedia of the American Military, John E. Jessup, Editor in Chief. Vol. I, pp. 365-380. Copyright c 1994, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1633 Broadway, New York, NY 10019. [The views expressed in this history are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy or the U.S. government.]"

• Photograph of Tracy as Secretary of the Navy, c. 1890 From the Library of Congress
• Secretary of the Navy: Benjamin F. Tracy (1889-1893) Brief biography from AmericanPresident.org

References

• Cooling, Benjamin F. Benjamin Franklin Tracy, Father of the American Fighting Navy. Hamden, Conn.: Archon Books, 1973.
• This article includes public domain text from the Naval Historical Center.

Preceded by: William C. Whitney

United States Secretary of the Navy 1889–1893

Succeeded by: Hilary A. Herbert