Block

From Freepedia

For blocks on Wikipedia, please see Wikipedia:Blocking policy.

The concept of a block as a group or a piece appears in various fields:

• The meaning in the physical world is any item with length, width, and height. It is often shaped like a rectangle, although it may be of any shape. Their shapes often are made to fit with other blocks making a new and larger shape.
• A city block is the smallest part of a town enclosed by streets.
• Railways are divided into blocks guarded by combinations of signals, operating rules, and automatic-control devices so that at most one train may be in a block at any time
• A block can also mean an apartment block (Block of Flats in British English).
• In the construction (building) industry, a block comprises a shaped piece of masonry.
• An engine block is the main part of an internal combustion engine that has the cylinders machined into it and holds the camshaft and crankshaft and most other engine parts. See short block and long block.
• In philately, a postage stamp block is an attached group of postage stamps.
• A block (music) is a separate complete unit that is primarily not developed but instead used in various combinations, these may be contrasted or transformed, and each block may be broken into parts and developed independently.
• In programming languages, a block (programming) forms a subdivision of a program that serves to group related statements, delimit routines, specify storage allocation, delineate the applicability of labels, or segment parts of the program for other purposes.
• In data storage, either in primary or on secondary storage, grouped data can occur in units known as blocks or buffer. Compare block size (data storage and transmission).
• In sailing, a block is a pulley or a number of pulleys enclosed in sheaves so as to be fixed to the end of a line or to a spar or surface.

• See also block cipher, block matrix, block size.

Block can also be used to refer to an obstruction, or the act of obstructing:

• In basketball, a block occurs when a defensive player legally deflects a shot from an offensive player.
• In American football, blocking occurs when a player obstructs another player's path with his body.
• In the martial arts it refer to techniques which prevent an attack from connecting with your body (see blocking techniques)

Telecommunication

In telecommunication, the term block has the following meanings:

• A group of bits or digits that is transmitted as a unit and that may be encoded for error-control purposes.
• A string of records, words, or characters, that for technical or logical purposes are treated as a unit. Blocks (a) are separated by interblock gaps, (b) are delimited by an end-of-block signal, and (c) may contain one or more records. A block is usually subjected to some type of block processing, such as multidimensional parity checking, associated with it.

Source: from Federal Standard 1037C and from MIL-STD-188