Bone Morphogenetic Protein
From Freepedia
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are growth factors belonging to the TGF-β (Transforming Growth Factor-beta) super family with a strong ability to induce new bone and/or cartilage formation. BMPs interact with specific receptors on the cell surface, referred to as bone morphogenetic protein receptors (BMPRs). Signal transduction through BMPRs results in mobilization of members of the Smad family of proteins, specifically Smad 1, 5 and 8. The signaling pathways involving BMPs, BMPRs and Smads are important in the development of the heart, central nervous system, and cartilage, as well as post-natal bone development. They have a important role during embryonic development on the embryonic patterning and early skeletal forming. There are sixteen reported bone morphogenetic proteins, some are also named as cartilage-derived morphogenetic proteins (CDMPs) and growth differentiation factors (GDFs).
Discovery
The seminal paper reporting the initial discovery of bone morphogenetic protein activity was published in 1965 by Marshal R. Urist in Science.[1]
Members of the BMP family are potentially useful as therapeutics. BMP-2 has been shown in clinical studies to be of use in the treatment of a variety of bone-related conditions. BMP-2 and BMP-7 have received FDA approval for human clinical uses.
References
- ^ Urist, Michael R. (1965). Bone: formation by autoinduction. Science 150: 893–899. available at JSTOR
- Chen, Di, Zhao, Ming, and Mundy, Gregory R. (2004). Bone Morphogenetic Proteins. Growth Factors 22: 233–241.
