Cancer research

From Freepedia

Cancer research is the intense scientific effort to understand the development of cancer and identify potential therapies. As the Cancer Genome Project put it in a 2004 review article¹, "a central aim of cancer research has been to identify the mutated genes that are causally implicated in oncogenesis (cancer genes)".

Cancer research ranges from molecular bioscience to the performance of clinical trials to evaluate and compare applications of the various cancer treatment modalities such as surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy, and combined treatment modalities such as chemo-radiotherapy. From the mid-1990s, the emphasis in clinical cancer research shifted towards therapies derived from biotechnology research, such as immunotherapy and gene therapy.

Contents 1 Advances 1.1 2005 2 Genes involved in Cancer 3 See also 4 References 5 External links

Advances

2005

• The gene Reprimo has been found to be shut down in several cancers but rarely in healthy cells. The gene is methylated, sometimes in pre-cancerous growths and may be an early cancer indicator. ²

Genes involved in Cancer

Genes and protein products that have been identified by at least two independent publications as being involved in cancer are: ABI1, ABL2, ACSL6, AF1Q, AF5Q31, AKT1, ARNT, ASPSCR1, ATF1, ATIC, BCL10, BFHD, BIRC3, BMPR1A, BTG1, CBFA2T1, CBFA2T3, CBFB, CCND1, CDC2, CDK4, CHIC2, CHN1, COPEB, COX6C, CTNNB1, CYLD, DDB2, DDIT3, DEK, EIF4A2, EPS15, ERCC2, ERCC3, ERCC5, ERG, ETV4, ETV6, EWSR1, EXT1, EXT2, FANCC, FANCG, FGFR1OP, FH, FIP1L1, FUS, GAS7, GATA1, GMPS, GOLGA5, GPC, GPHN, HIST1H4I, HRAS, HSPCA, IL21R, IRF4, KRAS2, LASP1, LCP1, LHFP, LMO2, LYL1, MADH4, MLF1, MLH1, MLLT3, MLLT6, MNAT1, MSF, MSH2, MSN, MUTYH, MYC, NCOA4, NF2, NPM1, NRAS, PAX8, PCBD, PDGFB, PIM1, PLK2, PNUTL1, POU2F1, PPARG, PRCC, PRKACB, PRKAR1A, PTEN, PTPN11, RABEP1, RAD51L1, RAP1GDS1, RARA, RB1, RET, RHOH, RPL22, SBDS, SDHB, SEPTIN6, SET, SH3GL1, SS18L1, SSX1, SSX2, SSX4, STAT3, TAF15, TCF12, TCL1A, TFE3, TFEB, TFG, TFPT, TFRC, TNFRSF6, TP53, TPM3, TPM4, TRIP11, VHL, WAS, WT1, ZNF198, ZNF278, ZNF384, ZNFN1A1 based on a study by M. R Straton and co-workers " A census of human cancer genes".

See also

• Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research
• United Devices Cancer Research Project

References

• Note 1: Futreal PA, Coin L, Marshall M, Down T, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Rahman, N, Stratton MR (2004). A census of human cancer genes. Nature Reviews Cancer 4 (): 177-83. PMID 14993899
• Note 2: Takahashi T, Suzuki M, Shigematsu H, Shivapurkar N, Echebiri C, Nomura M, Stastny V, Augustus M, Wu CW, Wistuba II, Meltzer SJ, Gazdar AF (2005). Aberrant methylation of Reprimo in human malignancies. International Journal of Cancer 115 (4): 503-10. PMID 15700311

External links

• Scientific cancer research (UK)
• Cancer Genome Project @ The Sanger Institute
• Cancer Genome Anatomy Project @ The NIH