Toque
From Freepedia
- For the rhythm associated with a specific orisha in the Santería religion, see toque (rhythm).
Image:TheLangtryToque.jpg A toque (pronounced /tok/; for /tuk/ see "Canadian variant" below) is a type of hat with a narrow brim or no brim at all. They were popular from the 13th to the 16th century in Europe, especially France.
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Description
A toque blanche is a tall, starched, white, pleated hat worn by chefs, although the "blanche" is nearly always dropped. The term literally means "white hat" in French and may have come from the old Spanish toca. The many folds on a chef's toque are believed to signify the many ways that an egg can be cooked. Many toques have exactly 100 pleats.
Culinary use
Image:Swedish chef.jpg The toque most likely originated as the result of the gradual evolution of head coverings worn by cooks throughout the centuries. Their roots are sometimes traced to the casque a meche (stocking cap) worn by French chefs of the eighteenth century. The color of the casque a meche denoted the rank of the wearer. Boucher, the personal chef of the French statesman Talleyrand, was the first to insist on white toques for sanitary reasons. The modern toque is popularily believed to have originated with the famous French chefs Antoine Carême and Auguste Escoffier.
Justice
- A toque was the traditional headgear of various French Magistrate's uniform.
- A low type in black velvet, called mortier (also rendered in English as mortar board), was used by the president of a parlement ('parliament', actually meaning the royal highest court in a French province), and of the members of two of the highest central courts, cour de cassation and cour des comtes.
Heraldry
In the napoleonic era, the French first empire replaced the coronets of traditional('royal') heraldry with a rigourously standardized system (as other respects of 'napoleonic' coats of arms) of toques, reflecting the rank of the bearer.
Canadian variant
The spelling "toque"---pronounced /tuk/---is often used for the hat more properly known as the tuque, an originally French-Canadian woolen hat worn in winter. This "fashion" originated when coureurs des bois kept their woollen nightcaps on for warmth during cold winter days. The Canadian Oxford Dictionary regards the two words as being etymologically unrelated, with the "toque" spelling for this type of hat being as a result of assimilation.
