Dragon's teeth
From Freepedia
The term Dragon's teeth has several uses, depending on context. The name comes from Greek mythology, where legend had it that if sown in the ground, Dragon's Teeth would produce fully armed warriors. Cadmus and later Jason both had occasion to plant Dragon's teeth. During World War II, the term came to designate square-pyramidal fortifications used to impede the progress of mechanized armies. They were employed extensively, particularly on the Siegfried Line. In 1942, Upton Sinclair published a novel named Dragon's Teeth, about the Nazi takeover of Germany during the 1930s.
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Mythology
In Greek myth, dragon's teeth feature prominently in the legends of the Phoenician prince Cadmus and Jason's quest for the Golden Fleece. In each case, the dragon's teeth, once planted, would grow into fully armed warriors.
Cadmus, bringer of literacy and civilization, killed the sacred dragon that guarded the spring of Ares. The goddess Athena told him to sow the teeth, from which sprang a group of ferocious warriors called the spartoi. He threw a precious jewel into the midst of the warriors, who turned on each other in an attempt to seize the stone for themselves. The five survivors joined with Cadmus to found the city of Thebes.
Jason obtained the remaining dragon's teeth with the aid of Aeetes of Colchis. He offered the Golden Fleece to Jason if Jason would sow them into the ground. Jason did this and successfully overcame the warriors with the aid of Medea, who gave him the means to resist fire and steel.
The classical legends of Cadmus and Jason have given rise to the phrase "to sow dragon's teeth." This is used as a metaphor to refer to doing something that has the effect of fomenting disputes, rather akin to the law of unintended consequences.
Military fortification
World War II
Dragon's teeth (German: Höcker, "humps") were square-pyramidal fortifications of concrete used during the Second World War to impede the movement of tanks. The idea was to slow down and channel tanks into "killing zones" where they could easily be disposed of by anti-tank weapons. In practice, however, the use of combat engineers and specialist clearance vehicles enabled them to be disposed of relatively quickly, and they proved far less of an obstacle than many had expected.
They were extensively used by all sides in the European Theatre. The Germans made extensive use of them in the Siegfried Line and the Atlantic Wall (serving a similiar purpose in the Atlantic wall was the Czech hedgehog); typically, each "tooth" was about four feet (1.2m) tall, often with landmines laid between the individual "teeth." The French employed them in the Maginot Line, while many were laid in the United Kingdom in 1939-1940 as part of the effort to strengthen the country's defences against a possible German invasion.
- "Behind minefields were the dragon's teeth. They rested on a concrete mat between ten and thirty meters wide, sunk in a meter or two into the ground (to prevent any attempt to tunnel underneath them and place explosive charges). On top of the mat were the teeth themselves, truncated pyramids of reinforced concrete about a meter in height in the front row, to two meters high in the back. They were staggered and spaced in such a manner that a tank could not drive through. Interspersed among the teeth were minefields, barbed wire, and pillboxes that were virtually impregnable by the artillery and set in such a way as to give the Germans crossing fire across the entire front. The only way to take those pillboxes was for infantry to get behind them and attack the rear entry. But behind the first row of pillboxes and dragon’s there, there as a second, and often a third, and sometimes a fourth." - Stephen Ambrose, Victors, pg 256
Due to the huge numbers laid and their durable construction, many thousands of dragon's teeth can still be seen today, especially in the remains of the Siegfried and Maginot Lines.
Post World War II
Switzerland, which is heavily militarized, continues to maintain lines of dragon's teeth in certain strategic areas, and has roadways rigged with teeth that are ready to 'pop up' and complete defensive lines that stretch past the roadways themselves. In the military jargon these constructions are often referred to as 'Toblerone'.
The term has survived into the present day and now also can be used to describe any line of posts or pegs set into the ground to deter vehicle access, for example in rural car parking areas, or alongside roads.
Some countries, such as those made after the breakup of Yugoslavia, have movable teeth, positioned at roadsides at strategic locations, which are to be lifted and placed on the roads.
Literature
The novel Dragon's Teeth, written in 1942 by Upton Sinclair, won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1943. It deals with the Nazi takeover of Germany during the 1930s.
Stephen Baxter's novel Evolution includes a segment where 21st century soldiers are placed into suspended animation in hidden bunkers, ready to wake up and fight behind enemy lines if their territory is occupied. In the novel this is referred to as "sowing dragons' teeth".
