Early Cyrillic alphabet

From Freepedia

The early Cyrillic alphabet was a writing system developed in Bulgaria during the tenth century to write the Old Church Slavonic liturgical language.

With Christianity having been made the official state religion in 864, King Boris I commissioned the creation of the alphabet. Climent of Ochrid developed the alphabet and named it for his teacher, St. Cyril, a missionary who, along with his brother, Methodius, is credited with inventing the Glagolitic alphabet, an earlier Slavic alphabet and an influence on this one. The alphabet also shows influence from the Greek, Latin, and even the Hebrew alphabet.

In the following centuries, the Cyrillic alphabet adapted to changes in spoken language, developed regional variations to suit the features of national languages, and was subjected to academic reforms and political decrees. The modern Cyrillic alphabet is used to write languages throughout Eastern Europe and Asia.

Note: This page contains
IPA phonetic symbols
in Unicode.

Contents

The alphabet

Image Unicode Name
(Cyrillic) 		Name
(transliterated) 		Name
(IPA) 		Transliteration IPA Notes
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Azu.png А а АЗЪ azǔ [aʒʌ] a [a]
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Buky.png Б б БѸКИ buky [buki] b [b]
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Viedi.png В в ВѢДИ vědě [vɛdi] v [v]
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Glagoli.png Г г ГЛАГОЛИ glagoli [glagoli] g [g]
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Dobro.png Д д ДОБРО dobro [dobro] d [d]
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Yesti.png Є є ѤСТЬ estǐ [iɛstɪ] e [ɛ]
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Zhiviete.png Ж ж ЖИВѢТЄ živěte [ʒivɛtɛ], [ʒivjɛtɛ] ž, zh [ʒ]
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Dzelo.png Ѕ ѕ ЅѢЛО dzělo [ʣɛlo], [ʣjɛlo] dz, Z [dz], [z]
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Zemlia.png З з ЗЄМЛIА zeml’ja [zemlja] z [z] See note 1
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Izhe.png И и ИЖЄ iže [iʒɛ] i [i]
Image:Early Cyrillic letter I.png І і / Ї ї И i [i] i, I [i]
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Kako.png К к КАКО kako [kako] k [k]
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Liudiye.png Л л ЛЮДИѤ ljudije [ljudijɛ] l [l]
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Myslite.png М м МЫСЛИТЄ mūslite [muslitɛ] m [m]
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Nashi.png Н н НАШЬ našǐ [naʃɪ] n [n]
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Onu.png О о ОНЪ onǔ [onʌ] o [o]
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Pokoi.png П п ПОКОИ pokoi [pokoj] p [p]
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Koppa.png Ҁ ҁ КОППА? koppa? [koppa], [kopa] q [q], [ʔ]
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Ritsi.png Р р РЬЦИ rǐci [rɪʦi] r [r]
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Slovo.png С с СЛОВО slovo [slovo] s [s]
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Tvrido.png Т т ТВРЬДО tvrǐdo [tvrɪdo], [tfrɪdo] t [t]
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Uku.png Ѹ ѹ ѸКЪ ukǔ [ukʌ] u [u] See note 2
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Fritu.png Ф ф ФРЬТЪ frǐtǔ [frɪtʌ] f [f]
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Khieru.png Х х ХѢРЪ xěrǔ [xɛrʌ]? [xjɛrʌ]? x [x]
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Otu.png Ѡ ѡ ОТЪ otǔ [otʌ] ō, w [oː]
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Tsi.png Ц ц ЦИ ci [ʦi] c [ʦ]
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Chrivi.png Ч ч ЧРЬВЬ červ [ʧrɪvɪ] č, ch [ʧ]
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Sha.png Ш ш ША ša [ʃa] š, sh [ʃ]
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Shta.png Щ щ ШТА šta [ʃta] št, sht, šč, shch [ʃt], [ʃʧ]
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Yeru.png Ъ ъ ѤРЪ jerǔ [jɛrʌ] ǔ, u: [ʌ]
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Yery.png Ы ы ѤРЫ jerū [jɛry] ū [y]
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Yeri.png Ь ь ѤРЬ jerǐ [jɛrɪ] ǐ, i: [ɪ]
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Yati.png Ѣ ѣ ЯТЬ jatǐ [jatɪ] ě, je [jɛ]
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Yu.png Ю ю Ю ju [ju] ju [iu]
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Ya.png Я я (И)Я ja [ja] ja [ja]
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Yusu Maliy.png Ѧ ѧ ѦСЪ ęsǔ [ɛ̃s] ę, ẽ [ɛ̃] See note 3
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Yusu Maliy Yotirovaniy.png Ѩ ѩ ѨСЪ jęsǔ [jɛ̃s] ję, jẽ [jɛ̃] See note 4
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Yusu Bolshiy.png Ѫ ѫ ѪСЪ ǫsǔ [ɔ̃s] ǫ, õ [ɔ̃] See note 5
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Yusu Bolshiy Yotirovaniy.png Ѭ ѭ ѬСЪ jǫsǔ [jɔ̃s] jǫ, jõ [jɔ̃] See note 6
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Ksi.png Ѯ ѯ КСИ ksi [k͡si] ks [k͡s]
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Psi.png Ѱ ѱ ПСИ psi [p͡si] ps [p͡s]
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Fita.png Ѳ ѳ ФИТА fita [fita] θ, th, T, F [t], [θ], [f]
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Izhitsa.png Ѵ ѵ ИЖИЦА ižica [iʒiʦa] ü [ɪ], [y]
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Ye.png Ѥ ѥ (И)Ѥ jeː [jɛ] jeː [iɛ]
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Dierv.png Ћ ћ ДѤРВ đerv, djerv [ʤɛrv], [djɛrv] đ, dj [ʤ], [dj] See note 7
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Tvrido Otu.png Ѿ ѿ ТВРЬДО ОТЪ tvrǐdo otǔ [tvrɪdo otʌ], [tfrɪdo otʌ] tō, tw [toː]
Image:Early Cyrillic letter O.png   See note 8

Notes

  1. Zemlya: The first form developed into the second.
  2. Ouku: The first form developed into a vertical ligature, shown in the second form.
  3. Ęsǔ: In Russian, this glyph is called ЮСЪ МАЛЫЙ (jusǔ malūi; IPA: [jusʌ malyi]).
  4. Jęsǔ: In Russian, this glyph is called ЮСЪ МАЛЫЙ ЁТИРОВАНИЙ (jusǔ malūi jotirovanij; IPA: [jusʌmalyi jotirovanij]). This glyph is rare.
  5. Ǫsǔ: In Russian, this glyph is called ЮСЪ БОЛЬШИЙ (jusǔ bolǐšij; IPA: [jusʌ bolyʃiː]). This glyph is rare.
  6. Jǫsǔ: In Russian, this glyph is called ЮСЪ БОЛЬШИЙ ЁТИРОВАНИЙ (jusǔ bolǐšij jotirovanij; IPA: [jusʌ bolyʃiː jotirovanij]). This glyph is rare.
  7. Đerv: This letter is present in the Glagolitic alphabet, but its sound had disappeared by the time Cyrillic started to be used. In Russian, Gherv or Dzherv is only used in modern scientific texts where Cyrillic is used to transliterate Glagolitic; the character is found in some Balkan languages, notably the languages of the former Yugoslavia.
  8. Ornate omega: The name of this glyph is unknown; it would seem to be used in interjections, especially before vocatives.

Numerals, diacritics and punctuation

Each letter also had a numeric value, inherited from the corresponding Greek letter. A titlo over a sequence of letters indicated their use as a number. See Cyrillic numerals, Titlo.

Several diacritics, adopted from Polytonic Greek orthography, were also used (these may not appear correctly in all web browsers; they are supposed to be directly above the letter, not off to its upper right):

Punctuation marks:

See also

References

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