European languages

From Freepedia

Most of the many indigenous languages of Europe belong to the Indo-European language family. The scope of this article also includes languages spoken outside of continental Europe that linguistically belong to European language families (such as Afrikaans, Pennsylvania German and Persian).

Contents 1 Basque 2 Finno-Ugric languages 3 Indo-European languages 3.1 Albanian 3.2 Armenian 3.3 Baltic languages 3.4 Celtic languages 3.4.1 Brythonic 3.4.2 Goidelic (Gaelic) 3.5 Germanic languages 3.5.1 North Germanic 3.5.2 West Germanic 3.5.3 East Germanic 3.6 Greek 3.7 Italic languages 3.7.1 Romance languages 3.7.1.1 Ibero-Romance languages 3.7.1.2 Gallo-Romance languages 3.7.1.3 Italo-Romance languages 3.7.1.4 Rhaeto-Romance languages 3.7.1.5 Daco-Romance languages 3.8 Indo-Iranian languages 3.8.1 Indo-Aryan languages 3.8.2 Iranian languages 3.9 Slavic languages 3.9.1 West Slavic languages 3.9.2 East Slavic languages 3.9.3 South Slavic languages

Basque

The Basque language of the northern Iberian Peninsula is a language isolate, and as such is not closely related to any other language.

Finno-Ugric languages

The Finno-Ugric languages are a subfamily of the Uralic language family.

• Estonian
• Finnish
• Hungarian

Indo-European languages

Most European languages are Indo-European languages. This large language-family is descended from a common language that was spoken thousands of years ago, which is referred to as Proto-Indo-European.

Albanian

Armenian

Baltic languages

• Curonian
• Latvian
• Lithuanian

Celtic languages

Brythonic

• Cornish - extinct
• Breton
• Welsh

Goidelic (Gaelic)

• Irish
• Manx
• Scottish Gaelic

Germanic languages

North Germanic

(descending from Old Norse)

• West (Insular) Scandinavian
  • Icelandic
  • Faroese
• East (Continental) Scandinavian
  • Danish
  • Norwegian (Norwegian Bokmål)
  • Swedish

West Germanic

• High German
  • German
    • Middle German
      • East Middle German
        • Standard German (Hochdeutsch, High German)
      • Luxembourgeois
      • West Middle German
        • Pennsylvania German (spoken by the Amish and other groups in southeastern Pennsylvania)
    • Upper German
      • Swiss German, Austrian, etc
      • Alsatian
      • Hutterite German (aka "Tirolean")
  • Yiddish
• Low German
  • Low Franconian
    • Afrikaans
    • Dutch
    • West Flemish
  • Low Saxon
    • Standard Low Saxon
    • Plautdietsch (Mennonite Low German)
  • East Low German
• Anglo-Frisian
  • Frisian
    • West Frisian
    • Saterland Frisian
    • North Frisian
  • Anglic (descending from Anglo-Saxon)
    • Modern English
    • Modern Scots

East Germanic

(descending from Gothic)

• Burgundian (extinct)
• Crimean Gothic (extinct in the 1800s)
• Lombardic (extinct)
• Vandalic (extinct)

Greek

Italic languages

• Latin

Romance languages

The Romance languages decended from the Vulgar Latin spoken across most of the lands of the Roman Empire.

Ibero-Romance languages

• Aragonese
• Asturian
  • Leonese
  • Mirandés
• Catalan
  • Alguerese
  • Ribagorçan
  • Valencian
• Mozarabic
• Portuguese
  • European Portuguese
  • Brazilian Portuguese
  • African Portuguese
    • Angolan Portuguese
    • Capeverdean Portuguese
    • Guinean Portuguese
    • Mozambican Portuguese
    • São Tomean Portuguese
  • Judeo-Portuguese
  • Simple Portuguese
  • Portuguese Creole
  • Galician
    • Eonaviegan (a Galician dialect with some traits of Asturian)
  • Fala language (spoken in a valley of the northwestern part of Spanish Extremadura)
• Portuñol
• Spanish
  • Extremaduran
  • Ladino
  • Spanish Creole

Gallo-Romance languages

• Franco-Provençal
• Langues d'oïl
  • Bourguignon-Morvandiau
  • Champenois
  • Franc-Comtois
  • French
    • Belgian French
    • Cajun French
    • Quebec French
    • Swiss French
    • Zarphatic/Judæo-French (extinct since the late 1300s)
  • Gallo language
  • Lorrain
  • Norman
    • Jèrriais
    • Dgèrnésiais
  • Picard
  • Poitevin-Saintongeais
  • Walloon
• Occitan
  • Gascon
    • Aranese
  • Auvergnat
  • Languedocien
  • Limousin
  • Provençal

Italo-Romance languages

• Corsican
• Dalmatian
  • Istriot
• Italian
  • Emilio-Romagnolo
  • Judeo-Italian
  • Ligurian
    • Monegasque
  • Lombard
  • Napoletana-Calabrese
  • Piemontese
• Sardinian
  • Campidanese
  • Gallurese
  • Logudorese
  • Sassarese
• Sicilian
• Venetian

Rhaeto-Romance languages

• Friulian
• Ladin
• Romansh

Daco-Romance languages

• Romanian
  • Aromanian
  • Istro-Romanian
  • Megleno-Romanian

Indo-Iranian languages

Indo-Aryan languages

• Romany

Iranian languages

• Kurdish
• Ossetian language
• Persian

Slavic languages

West Slavic languages

• Czech
• Polish
• Slovak
• Sorbian

East Slavic languages

• Belarusian
• Russian
• Rusyn
  • Carpatho-Rusyn (Ruthenian)
  • Pannonian-Rusyn (Rusnak)
• Ukrainian

South Slavic languages

• Bulgarian
• Old Church Slavonic
• Macedonian
• Bosnian (previously part of Serbo-Croatian)
• Croatian (previously part of Serbo-Croatian)
• Serbian (previously part of Serbo-Croatian)
• Slovene
• Romano-Serbian (a mixed language)