Gyokuon-hoso
From Freepedia
The Gyokuon-hōsō (玉音放送), also known as the Imperial Rescript on Surrender, was the Imperial broadcast announcement in which the Japanese emperor Hirohito announced to the Japanese people the unconditional surrender of the Japanese military at the end of World War II. This speech was broadcast at noon Japan standard time on August 15, 1945 after the Battle of Okinawa, the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the declaration of war against (and subsequent invasion of) Japan by the Soviet Union.
Hirohito's speech marked the first time in history that an Emperor of Japan had spoken (albeit via a phonograph record) to the common people. The speech was delivered in the formal, somewhat archaic Japanese used by the old Imperial Court. Additionally, Hirohito's speech made no direct reference to surrender, instead stating that he had instructed his government to fully accept the terms of the Potsdam Declaration. This created confusion in the minds of many listeners who were not sure if Japan had surrendered or if Hirohito was exhorting them to resist the enemy invasion. The poor audio quality of the radio broadcast did little to reduce the confusion.
The speech was not broadcast directly, but was replayed from a phonograph recording made in the Imperial palace on either August 13 or 14, 1945. Many elements of the Japanese military were extremely angry at the idea that Hirohito was going to end the war, as they believed that this was dishonourable. Consequently, as many as one thousand officers attempted to raid the Imperial palace on the evening of August 14, in order to destroy the recording and assassinate the Emperor. The recording was successfully smuggled out of the palace in a laundry basket of women's underwear and broadcast the following day.
Content
Most English translations of the speech (including the full translation at Wikisource) attempt to be faithful to the original complexity of his language. Wikisource also provides a simplified interpretation of Hirohito's speech.
In the speech, Hirohito notes that the war that is "to protect the Japanese people and to bring peace and stability to the East Asian region […] has not been successful for Japan." He then cites "The enemy now possesses a new and terrible weapon with the power to destroy many innocent lives and do incalculable damage."; the remark is interpreted to refer to the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki days before. He, however, never mentions the potential Soviet invasion that the surrender would help prevent. Finally, most famously, he says: "However, it is according to the dictates of time and fate that We have resolved to pave the way for a grand peace for all the generations to come by enduring the unendurable and suffering what is unsufferable." This is the line that the Japanese people have remembered ever since.
