Solar term
From Freepedia
A Solar term is one of 24 days in the traditional East Asian lunisolar calendars that match a particular astronomical events or signify some natural phenomenon. The points are spaced 15° apart along the ecliptic used by lunisolar calendars to stay synchronized with the seasons. Solar terms originated in China, then spread to Korea, Vietnam, and Japan.
| (Twenty-four) Solar Terms | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese name | Japanese name | Korean name | Vietnamese name | ||||
| Traditional: | (二十四)節氣 | Kana: | (にじゅうし)せっき | Hangul: | (이십사)절기 | Quốc Ngữ: | (24) tiết khí |
| Simplified: | (二十四)节气 | Kanji: | (二十四)節気 | Hanja: | (二十四)節氣 | ||
| Hanyu Pinyin: | (érshísì)jiéqì | Hepburn: | (nijūshi)sekki | Revised: | (isipsa)jeolgi | ||
| Wade-Giles: | (erh-shih-hsi) chieh-chi | Nihon-shiki: | (nizyūsi)sekki | MCR: | (isipsa)jǒlki | ||
Because the Sun's speed along the ecliptic varies depending on the Earth-Sun distance, the number of days that it takes the Sun to travel between each pair of solar terms varies slightly throughout the year. Each of the solar terms is divided into three pentads (候 hou). Each pentad consists of five days, so there are 72 pentads in a year.
Contents |
List of Jieqi
| Longi- tude | Chinese name ¹ | Japanese name | Korean name ² | Vietnamese name | Date ³ | Usual Translation | Remark |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 315° | 立春 lìchūn | 立春 risshun | 입춘(立春) ipchun | Lập xuân | Feb 4 | start of spring | |
| 330° | 雨水 yǔshuǐ | 雨水 usui | 우수(雨水) usu | Vũ thủy | Feb 19 | rain water | more rain than snow |
| 345° | 驚蟄(惊蛰) jīngzhé | 啓蟄 keichitsu | 경칩(驚蟄) gyeongchip | Kinh trập | Mar 5 | awakening of insects | lit. awakening of hibernating insects. See the note on the Chinese calendar - Jieqi. |
| 0° | 春分 chūnfēn | 春分 shunbun | 춘분(春分) chunbun | Xuân phân | Mar 21 | vernal equinox | lit. spring division (or center) |
| 15° | 清明 qīngmíng | 清明 seimei | 청명(清明) cheongmyeong | Thanh minh | Apr 5 | Pure brightness | time for tending graves |
| 30° | 穀雨 gǔyǔ | 穀雨 kokuu | 곡우(穀雨) gogu | Cốc vũ | Apr 20 | grain rain | lit. grain rain: rain helps grain grow |
| 45° | 立夏 lìxià | 立夏 rikka | 입하(立夏) ipa | Lập hạ | May 6 | start of summer | |
| 60° | 小滿(小满) xiǎmǎn | 小満 shōman | 소만(小滿) soman | Tiểu mãn | May 21 | grain full | grains are plump |
| 75° | 芒種(芒种) mángzhòng | 芒種 bōshu | 망종(芒種) mangjong | Mang chủng | Jun 6 | grain in ear | lit. awns (beard of grain) grow |
| 90° | 夏至 xiàzhì | 夏至 geshi | 하지(夏至) haji | Hạ chí | Jun 21 | summer solstice | lit. summer extreme (of sun's height) |
| 105° | 小暑 xiǎoshǔ | 小暑 shōsho | 소서(小暑) soseo | Tiểu thử | Jul 7 | minor heat | |
| 120° | 大暑 dàshǔ | 大暑 taisho | 대서(大暑) daeseo | Đại thử | Jul 23 | major heat | |
| 135° | 立秋 lìqiū | 立秋 risshū | 입추(立秋) ipchu | Lập thu | Aug 7 | start of autumn | |
| 150° | 處暑(处暑) chùshǔ | 処暑 shosho | 처서(處暑) cheoseo | Xử thử | Aug 23 | limit of heat | lit. dwell in heat |
| 165° | 白露 báilù | 白露 hakuro | 백로(白露) baekro | Bạch lộ | Sep 8 | white dew | condensed moisture makes dew white |
| 180° | 秋分 qiūfēn | 秋分 shūbun | 추분(秋分) chubun | Thu phân | Sep 23 | autumnal equinox | lit. autumn division (or center) |
| 195° | 寒露 hánlù | 寒露 kanro | 한로(寒露) hallo | Hàn lộ | Oct 8 | cold dew | |
| 210° | 霜降 shuāngjiàng | 霜降 sōkō | 상강(霜降) sang-gang | Sương giáng | Oct 23 | frost descent | appearance of frost and descent of temperature |
| 225° | 立冬 lìdōng | 立冬 rittō | 입동(立冬) ipdong | Lập đông | Nov 7 | start of winter | |
| 240° | 小雪 xiǎoxuě | 小雪 shōsetsu | 소설(小雪) soseol | Tiểu tuyết | Nov 22 | minor snow | |
| 255° | 大雪 dàxuě | 大雪 taisetsu | 대설(大雪) daeseol | Đại tuyết | Dec 7 | major snow | |
| 270° | 冬至 dōngzhì | 冬至 tōji | 동지(冬至) dong-ji | Đông chí | Dec 22 | winter solstice | lit. winter extreme (of sun's height) |
| 285° | 小寒 xiǎohán | 小寒 shōkan | 소한(小寒) sohan | Tiểu hàn | Jan 6 | minor cold | |
| 300° | 大寒 dàhán | 大寒 daikan | 대한(大寒) daehan | Đại hàn | Jan 20 | major cold |
- Simplified Chinese name is shown in parentheses if it differs from the traditional name.
- Hanja is indicated in parentheses.
- Date can vary within the ±1 day range.
Regional notes
Japan
See also: Japanese calendar.
In Japan, the term Setsubun (節分) originally referred to the eves of Risshun (立春, 315°), Rikka (立夏, 45°), Risshū (立秋, 135°), and Rittō (立冬, 225°), but currently mostly refers to the day before Risshun. The name of each Jieqi points also refer to the period of time beginning with that day until the next jieqi point, or 1/24th of a year.
