José Pardo y Barreda
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| Image:Pardo y Barreda.jpg | |
| Full Title: | Constitutional President of Peru |
| Term in Office: | September 24, 1904 – September 24, 1908 |
| Predecessor: | Serapio Calderón – (1904)
Oscar R. Benavides – (1915) |
| Successor: | Augusto B. Leguía
(1908 and 1919) |
| Date of Birth: | 1864 |
| Date of Death: | 1947 |
| Political party: | Civilista Party |
| Profession: | Lawyer |
José Pardo y Barreda (1864–1947) was a Peruvian politician who twice occupied the Presidency of Peru, from 1904 to 1908 and 1915 to 1919.
He was the son of Manuel Pardo, who had been president of Peru (1872-1876) and founded the Civilista Party. José Pardo y Barreda directed the Civilista Party and was Secretary of Foreign Relations and Prime Minister of the nation during Eduardo López de Romaña's presidency.
His presidencies were marked with liberal politics. After Manuel Candamo's death, Serapio Calderón became the interim president and summoned new elections. The Civilista Party presented José Pardo y Barreda as a candidate, while the Democratic Party presented Nicolás de Piérola, who retired early before the elections mentioning a "lack of guarantees." This fact led Pardo to become elected.
His government was marked by pushing for better education for all Peruvians. The elementary education in Peru, according to the Law of 1876 proposed by Manuel Pardo, was under the responsibility of the municipalities throughout the country. José Pardo, under his Secretary of Justice and instruction, decided to confront the problem.
The law promulgated in 1905 reformed the education system to depend on the Central Government. It also called for primary education to be free and compulsory in far away places such as villages and mines, and that at least a small school for all children must exist in any place with more than two hundred inhabitants. The Escuela Normal de Varones ("Normal school for males") was founded for the formation of male teachers, as well as the Escuela Normal de Mujeres ("Normal school for females").
He created a General Branch of Instruction to where inspectors in charge of the work of surveillance in the whole Republic depended. In the cultural field the following were established: The National Academy of History, the School of Fine Arts (Bellas Artes), the National Academy of Music, and the National Museum of History. The superior combat school was also founded to form major state officers.
During his second government José Pardo confronted the consequences of the First World War, as well as the labor agitation for the obtainment of the «8 working hours» a day. It was finally granted on January 15, 1919.
Almost reaching the end of his second term, he was ousted by Augusto B. Leguía.
| Preceded by: Eugenio Larrabure y Unanue | Prime Minister of Peru September 8, 1903 – May 14, 1904 | Succeeded by: Alberto Fernández de Córdova |
| Preceded by: Serapio Calderón | President of Peru September 1904 – September 1908 | Succeeded by: Augusto B. Leguía |
| Preceded by: Oscar R. Benavides | President of Peru August 1915 – July 1919 | Succeeded by: Augusto B. Leguía |
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