Labiodental approximant

From Freepedia

IPA – number	150
IPA – text	ʋ
IPA – image	Image:Xsampa-Porvslash.png
entity	ʋ
X-SAMPA	P
Kirshenbaum	r<lbd>
Sound sample ▶(?)

The labiodental approximant is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ʋ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is P or v\.

Contents 1 Features 2 In English 3 In other languages 3.1 Dutch 3.2 German 3.3 Hawai‘ian 3.4 Finnish 3.5 Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbo-Croatian 4 References 5 See also

Features

Features of the labiodental approximant:

• Its manner of articulation is approximant, which means it is produced by bringing one articulator close to another but without the vocal tract being narrowed to such an extent that a turbulent airstream is produced.
• Its place of articulation is labiodental which means it is articulated with the lower lips and the upper teeth.
• Its phonation type is voiced, which means the vocal cords are vibrating during the articulation.
• It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
• It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
• The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.

In English

English may have the labiodental approximant as a realisation of /r/. Although traditionally regarded as an idiosyncrasy, speech defect, or infantilism, use of labiodental /r/ is increasing in many accents of British English (see papers in Foulkes and Docherty 1999). As a realisation of /r/, it may not always be labiodental: bilabial and velarised labiodental realisations have been reported (see Foulkes and Docherty 1999, Wells 1982). English speakers may also use it to pronounce place names in languages that do use it, such as Hawai‘ian Wahiawa.

In other languages

Dutch

In Dutch, the letter "w" usually represents the labiodental approximant.

German

In many varieties of German, the letter "w" represents the labiodental approximant. In the northern standard language, however, it represents [v].

Hawai‘ian

Hawai‘ian has the labiodental approximant as a phoneme, and it is denoted by "w", as in wikiwiki ("very fast").

Finnish

The Finnish phoneme /v/ is pronounced as a labiodental approximant by many speakers, perhaps by most. Example: vaivautuva ['ʋɑiʋɑutuʋɑ] ("taking the trouble to do something" or "kneadable").

Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbo-Croatian

Standard pronounce of phoneme /v/ is labiodental approximant.

References

Foulkes, Paul, and Gerard J. Docherty. (eds.) (1999). Urban Voices. Arnold.

Wells, John C. (1982). Accents of English. Cambridge University Press.

See also

• List of phonetics topics

Consonants (List, table)	See also: IPA, Vowels
Pulmonics Bilabial Lab'den. Dental Alveolar Postalv. Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn. Epiglottal Glottal   Non-pulmonics and other symbols Plosives p b t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ  Clicks  ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ Nasals m ɱ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ  Implo­sives  ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ Trills ʙ r • ʀ •  Ejec­tives  pʼ tʼ kʼ qʼ sʼ Flaps & Taps • • ɾ ɽ • Other laterals  ɺ ɫ Fricatives ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ Co-articulated approximants  ʍ w ɥ Lat. Fricatives ɬ ɮ • • • Other fricatives  ɕ ʑ ɧ    Approximants    β̞ ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ Affricates  ʦ ʣ ʧ ʤ Lat. Appr'mants l ɭ ʎ ʟ Co-articulated stops  kp ɡb ŋm
This page contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help] Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged impossible.