Long Beach, California
From Freepedia
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| Image:Long Beach in LA County map.png | |||||
| County | Los Angeles County, California | ||||
| Area - Total - Water | 170.6 km² (65.9 mi²) 40.0 km² (15.4 mi²) 23.42% | ||||
| Population |
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| Time zone | Pacific: UTC-8 | ||||
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Latitude
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33°48'15" N | ||||
| City of Long Beach | |||||
Its location is 33°47' North, 118°10' West, about 20 miles (30 km) south of downtown Los Angeles. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 170.6 km² (65.9 mi²). 130.6 km² (50.4 mi²) of it is land and 40.0 km² (15.4 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 23.42% water. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 461,522. It is the fifth largest city in California and the second largest in Los Angeles County. Long Beach is also the largest U.S. city that is not a county seat. While some consider Long Beach the largest suburb in the United States, it has very few characteristics of a suburb, apart from its location, and most consider it a central city.
The R.M.S. Queen Mary has been located in Long Beach since her retirement and now serves as a hotel and tourist attraction. The Aquarium of the Pacific, a world-class research facility, is a popular tourist destination. The Long Beach Grand Prix, an annual Champ Car race, takes place on city streets near the Convention Center and is one of the largest Grand Prix events in the world. Long Beach is the site of a large community college; California State University, Long Beach; the headquarters of the California State University system; and a Veterans Affairs hospital.
Signal Hill is an incorporated city surrounded entirely by Long Beach.
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History
The area was originally occupied by the Tongva people who lived in a rancheria named Tibahangna. Along with other Tongva villages, it disappeared in the mid-1800s.
The Rancho los Cerritos was divided from the larger Rancho Los Nietos, which had been granted by the King of Spain to a mulatto soldier, Manuel Nieto. Rancho Los Cerritos was bought 1843 by John Temple, a Yankee who had come to California in 1827. Soon after he built what is now known as the "Los Cerritos Ranch House" an adobe which still stands and is a National Historic Landmark. Temple created a thriving cattle ranch and prospered, becoming the wealthiest man in Los Angeles County. Both Temple and his ranch house played important local roles in the Mexican American War.
Meanwhile, on an island in the San Pedro Bay, Mormon pioneers made an abortive attempt to establish a colony (as part of Brigham Young's plan to establish a continuous chain of settlements from the Pacific to Salt Lake).
Jotham Bixby, the "Father of Long Beach", purchased the Rancho Los Cerritos in 1866 and converted it to sheep ranching. In the 1870s Bixby sold an average of 200,000 pounds of wool annually. In 1880, Bixby sold 4,000 acres (16 km²) of the Rancho los Cerritos to William E. Willmore, who subdivided it in hopes of creating a farm community, Willmore City. He failed and was bought out by the "Long Beach Land and Water Company." They changed the name of the community to "Long Beach", which was incorporated as a city in 1888. When Bixby died in 1916 the remaining 3,500 acres (14 km²) of Rancho los Cerritos was subdivided into the neighborhoods of Bixby Knolls, California Heights, North Long Beach and part of the city of Signal Hill.
The town grew as a seaside resort (The Pike was one of the most famous beachside amusement parks on the West coast from 1910 until the 1960's) and then as an oil, Navy, and port town. The town was once referred to as "Iowa by the sea".
The Long Beach earthquake of 1933 was a magnitude 6.3 earthquake that caused significant damage to the city and surrounding areas. Most of the damage occurred in unreinforced masonry buildings, especially schools. 120 people died in this earthquake.
Long Beach used to have a sizable Japanese-American population mostly working in the fish canneries on Terminal Island and small truck farms in the area, but with intermarriage and other factors, it is now less than 1% of the population of Long Beach. There is still a Japanese Community Center and a Japanese Buddhist Church in Long Beach.
The early silent film industry in Long Beach
One of the places where the film industry started in Southern California was in Long Beach. Balboa Amusement Producing Company, also known as Balboa Studios, was located at Sixth Street and Alamitos Avenue, and they used 11 acres (45,000 m²) on Signal Hill for outdoor locations. Silent movie stars who lived in Long Beach included Fatty Arbuckle and Theda Bara. The 1917 film Cleopatra, starring Theda Bara, was filmied at the Dominguez Slough just west of Long Beach, and Moses parted the Red Sea for Cecil B. DeMille's 1923 Black & White version of "The Ten Commandments" on the flat seashore of Seal Beach, southeast of Long Beach.
Shipping and transportation
Image:Long Beach, CA at night.jpg The Port of Long Beach is the second busiest seaport in the United States . The port serves shipping between the United States and the Pacific Rim. The combined operations of the Port of Long Beach and the Port of Los Angeles are the busiest in the USA.
Rail shipping is provided by the Union Pacific and Burlington Northern Santa Fe railroads, which carry about half of the transhipments from the port. Long Beach has contributed to the Alameda Corridor project to increase the capacity of the rail lines, roads, and highways connecting the port to the Los Angeles rail hub. The project, completed in 2002, created a 20 mile (32 km) long, 33 foot (10 m) deep trench in order to eliminate 200 grade crossings and cost about US$2.4 billion.
Long Beach is also the southern terminus for the Los Angeles Metro Blue Line light rail corridor. Blue Line trains run from Long Beach City Hall to Downtown Los Angeles. The Metro Rail Blue Line Maintenance Shops, are also located in Long Beach just south of the Del Amo Blue Line station.
There is an Amtrak Thruway bus shuttle starting in San Pedro, with stops at the Queen Mary and downtown Long Beach, that then goes to Union Station in Downtown Los Angeles, and ends in Bakersfield. There is also a Greyhound Lines terminal near downtown.
Public transportation in Long Beach is provided by Long Beach Transit. Besides the normal bus service, which charges a fare, Long Beach has free routes, the "Pine Avenue Link", and Passport routes, which use mini-buses to shuttle passengers within the downtown area. The Passport "C" route between Downtown and the Queen Mary, and Passport "A" and "D" busses go East-West along Ocean Blvd., linking the Catalina Landing in the west with Belmont Shore in the East. (The Passport "B" has been renamed the Pine Avenue Link.) A 90-cent fare is required when traveling east of Atlantic Avenue. Another free route, "Village Tour D'art" in the East Village visits museums and other points of interest. Also operated by Long Beach Transit include the 49-passenger AquaBus water taxi, which stops at the Aquarium of the Pacific, the Queen Mary, and four other stops; and the 75-passenger AquaLink water taxi, which goes from the Aquarium, the Queen Mary and to Alamitos Bay Landing next to the Long Beach Marina.
There is also limited service to Orange County through the Orange County Transportation Authority. Torrance Transit goes from Downtown through the South Bay. The LADOT has service from Downtown LB to San Pedro, and MTA has two regional lines that serve Downtown Long Beach.
The Long Beach Municipal Airport serves the Long Beach, Los Angeles, California and Orange County areas and is relatively small considering the area population. It is the West Coast hub for JetBlue Airlines. It is also the site of a major Boeing (formerly Douglas, then McDonnell Douglas) aircraft production facility, which is the city's largest employer.
Several freeways run through Long Beach, connecting it with the greater Los Angeles and Orange areas. The San Diego (405) freeway roughly bisects the city and takes commuters north or south to the Golden State (5) freeway. The Long Beach (710) freeway also runs north-south, starting at the southern end near the Port of Long Beach and terminating at the Santa Monica (10) freeway in Los Angeles. The eastern border of the city is traversed by the San Gabriel River (605) freeway, which joins the 405 at the Long Beach/Los Alamitos border. The Artesia Freeway California State Route 91 runs east-west near the northern border of Long Beach. California State Route 1 (also know as the Pacific Coast Highway or PCH) runs through Long Beach.
Culture
Art
The Long Beach Museum of Art is owned by the City of Long Beach, and operated by the Long Beach Museum of Art Foundation, a non-profit organization. Long Beach also features the Museum of Latin American Art, founded in 1996 by Dr. Robert Gumbiner, and is the only museum in the western United States that exclusively features Latin American art.
The second Saturday of every month local artists and artisans in the city congregate in the East Village Arts District downtown Long Beach to sell their wares and perform.
Music
The Long Beach Symphony Orchestra plays numerous classical and pop music concerts throughout the year. The symphony plays at the Terrace Theater in the Long Beach Convention and Entertainment Center.
KJAZZ 88.2 FM (KKJZ) broadcasts from California State University, Long Beach. The station features jazz and blues music exclusively and can also be listened to over the Internet.
Long Beach is the host to a number of long-running music festivals. They include the Bob Marley Reggae Festival (February), the Cajun & Zydeco Festival (May), the Aloha Concert Jam (Hawaiian music, June), the Long Beach Jazz Festival (August), and the Long Beach Blues Festival (September, since 1980).
Both Sublime and the Long Beach Dub Allstars (formed by the members of Sublime after their lead singer Brad Nowell died of a heroin overdose) are from Long Beach.
New-wave punk band Le Shok hailed from Long Beach.
Rappers Snoop Dogg, Warren G and Zack de la Rocha were born and raised in Long Beach. The city is also home to the VIP Records store which has been featured in music videos by Snoop Dogg and other rap music artists.
Melissa Etheridge got her start performing at Que Sera Sera, a lesbian bar in Long Beach.
The Vault 350, an influential nightclub, is also located on Pine Avenue in Downtown Long Beach.
Sports
The Long Beach Grand Prix in April is the single largest event in Long Beach. It started in 1975 as a Formula 5000 race on the streets of downtown, and became a Formula One the following year. Since 1984 it has been a Champ Car event. During the same week as the Grand Prix, there are also Trans-Am, and Toyota Atlantic races, plus an Historic Grand Prix features pre-1990 cars, and the Toyota Pro/Celebrity race.
Long Beach is home to the Long Beach Ice Dogs minor-league (ECHL) hockey team. The Ice Dogs play their home games at the Long Beach Sports Arena. The city is also home to a minor league baseball team called the Long Beach Armada who play in the independent Golden Baseball League. The minor league basketball team nicknamed the Long Beach Jam play in the American Basketball Association (ABA).
The Southern California Summer Pro League is a showcase for current and prospective NBA basketball players, including recent draft picks, current NBA players working on their skills and conditioning, and international professionals hoping to become NBA players. The league plays at the Pyramid (a pyramid-shaped gym) on the Long Beach State campus during July.
Since its inception in August 1964, the Congressional Cup has grown into one of the major international sailing events. Now held in April, it is the only grade 1 match race regatta held in the United States. The one-on-one race format is the same as the America's Cup, and many of the winners of the Congressional Cup have gone on to win the America's Cup as well.
In July, there is the annual Catalina Ski Race, which starts from Long Beach Harbor and goes to Catalina Island and back to complete a 100 km (62 mile) circuit. This race has been held annually since 1948 and features skiers from around the world.
During the two Olympics held in Los Angeles, Long Beach has hosted a number of the competitions, including rowing events in the Marine Stadium, sailing events off the coast of Long Beach, volleyball in the Long Beach Sports Arena, and archery at El Dorado Regional Park. For the 1984 Summer Olympics, Long Beach hosted yachting, volleyball, fencing and archery competitions. For the 1932 Summer Olympics, Long Beach hosted the rowing competition. The Belmont Plaza Pool hosted U.S. Olympic swimming trials in 1968, 1976, and 2004.
Blair Field in Long Beach, besides hosting numerous American Legion baseball, Connie Mack baseball, high school, junior college, college, minor league and major league spring training exhibition baseball games, has also been host of six MTV Rock & Jock softball games, and has been the filming location for numerous film, TV and commercial productions.
Long Beach is the childhood home of tennis legend Billie Jean King and eight-time National League batting champion and longtime San Diego Padres outfielder Tony Gwynn.
2004 Summer Olympics gold medal winning beach volleyball player Misty May-Treanor graduated from California State University, Long Beach (where she won a national championship and several other awards), and currently resides in Long Beach.
Parks and recreation
The Long Beach Department of Parks, Recreation and Marine received a Gold Medal award from the National Parks and Recreation Society in 2002, 2003, and 2004, recognizing the Department's "outstanding management practices and programs." The Department manages 92 parks covering over 3,100 acres (13 km²) throughout the city, including the 815 acre (3.3 km²) El Dorado Regional Park, which features fishing lakes, an archery range, youth campground, bike trails, and picnic areas. The Department also operates four public swimming pools, and four launch ramps for boaters to access the Pacific Ocean.
The Earl Burns Miller Japanese Garden is located on the campus of California State University, Long Beach.
Other cultural events
The Long Beach Lesbian & Gay Pride Parade & Festival has been held in May or June since 1984. It is the second largest event in Long Beach, attracting over 125,000 participants over the two day celebration. It is the third largest Gay Pride Parade in the United States.
In October, Long Beach State hosts the CSULB Wide Screen Film Festival, at the Carpenter Performing Arts Center. The festival started in 1995 as a showcase for movies filmed in the widescreen format, but has since been transformed into an artist-in-residence event. A major film artist (such as the former CSULB student Steven Spielberg) screens and discusses their own work as well as the ten films that most influenced their cinematic vision.
Business
The top commercial businesses in Long Beach, based upon the number of employees, are: Boeing, Verizon, Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation, and The Bragg Companies (crane and heavy transport sales). Several local hospitals are major employers, including: Long Beach Memorial Medical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Mary Medical Center, and Pacific Hospital of Long Beach. Major government and educational employers include: Long Beach Unified School District, City of Long Beach, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach City College, United State Postal Service, and Long Beach Transit.
- Douglas Aircraft Company (later McDonnell Aircraft Corporation and now part of Boeing) had a plant at the Long Beach Airport where they built DC-8s, DC-9s, DC-10s, and MD-11s.
- Boeing now builds the Boeing 717 and the C-17 Globemaster III strategic airlifter in Long Beach and is the largest employer in the city.
- Polar Air Cargo, one of the world's leading cargo airlines, is based in Long Beach.
- TABC, INC., a part of Toyota, makes a variety of car parts, including truck beds, steering columns, and catalytic converters, in Long Beach.
- Epson America, the U.S. affiliate of Japan-based Seiko Epson Corporation, is headquartered in Long Beach.
- SCAN Health Plan, a non-profit "Medicare Advantage" HMO for seniors, is headquartered in Long Beach.
- Molina Health Care, Inc., a Medicaid management healthcare program, is headquartered in Long Beach.
- Jesse James' West Coast Choppers is located in Long Beach and much of the Monster Garage cable TV show is filmed in Long Beach.
Education
The primary school district that serves Long Beach is Long Beach Unified School District. It is the third largest school district in California. The district is noted for starting a trend to the return to school uniforms for public schools in the 1990s. It has also won several awards in recent years, including the 2003 Broad Prize for Urban Education, as the best urban school district in the US. Other school districts, including ABC Unified School District, serve portions of Long Beach.
Colleges and universities
- California State University, Long Beach (CSULB)
- Long Beach City College (LBCC; Pacific Coast and Liberal Arts campuses)
- California State University, Dominguez Hills is in the nearby community of Carson, California
Demographics
As of the census2 of 2000, there are 461,522 people, 163,088 households, and 99,646 families residing in the city. The population density is 3,532.8/km² (9,149.8/mi²). There are 171,632 housing units at an average density of 1,313.8/km² (3,402.6/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 45.16% White, 14.87% African American, 0.84% Native American, 12.05% Asian, 1.21% Pacific Islander, 20.61% from other races, and 5.27% from two or more races. 35.77% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. Among its Asian population, Long Beach is home to a large Cambodian community, second only to Cambodia itself.
There are 163,088 households out of which 35.0% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.2% are married couples living together, 16.1% have a female householder with no husband present, and 38.9% are non-families. 29.6% of all households are made up of individuals and 7.4% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.77 and the average family size is 3.55.
In the city the population is spread out with 29.2% under the age of 18, 10.9% from 18 to 24, 32.9% from 25 to 44, 18.0% from 45 to 64, and 9.1% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 31 years. For every 100 females there are 96.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 93.5 males.
The median income for a household in the city is $37,270, and the median income for a family is $40,002. Males have a median income of $36,807 versus $31,975 for females. The per capita income for the city is $19,040. 22.8% of the population and 19.3% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 32.7% of those under the age of 18 and 11.0% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.
Famous people born in Long Beach
- James Blaylock: fantasy/science fiction author
- Jeff Burroughs: Baseball player, 1974 American League MVP and Little League World Series Championship coach
- Bobby Burgess: one the original Mouseketeers
- Nicolas Cage: actor
- Eva LaRue Callahan: soap opera actress
- Percy Daggs III: UPN's Veronica Mars
- William E. Dannemeyer: Orange County politician
- Zack de la Rocha rapper
- Bo Derek: actress
- Daz Dillinger: rapper
- Nate Dogg: rapper
- Snoop Dogg: rapper
- John Dykstra: 1978 Visual Effects Oscar Winner (for Star Wars)
- Warren G.: rapper
- Spike Jones: bandleader and comedian
- Sally Kellerman: actress
- Billie Jean King: tennis player
- William Joseph Levada, current Pro-Prefect, Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Roman Catholic Church
- Dan Lungren: Republican politician
- Willie McGinest: USC and New England Patriots linebacker - Long Beach Poly HS
- Michelle Phillips: singer and actress
- Sheldon Rampton: editor of PR Watch
- Tiffani-Amber Thiessen: actress
- Anthony Zerbe: actor
Famous residents of Long Beach
- Greta Andersen: Olympic swimming gold medalist, and long distance swimmer, orginally from Denmark
- Fatty Arbuckle: actor
- Richard Bach: author of Jonathan Livingston Seagull
- Theda Bara: actress
- Frank Black (aka Black Francis): leader of the Pixies rock group
- Milton Bradley: baseball player, played for Long Beach Poly High School
- Jan Burke: Mystery author, 2000 Edgar Award for Best Novel (for "Bones")
- George Chakiris: Academy Award-winning actor
- Dorothy Buffum Chandler: Los Angeles philanthropist, wife of Norman Chandler, publisher of the Los Angeles Times, and namesake for the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion.
- Nat King Cole: singer and jazz piano player
- Jonathan Davis: lead singer for KoЯn
- George Deukmejian: Governor of California
- Cameron Diaz: actress
- Melissa Etheridge: rock singer
- Bobby Grich: baseball player, played for Wilson High School
- Chris Gwynn: baseball player, played for Long Beach Poly High School
- Tony Gwynn: baseball player, played for Long Beach Poly High School
- John Lee Hooker: Blues singer
- Marilyn Horne: opera singer
- Thelma Houston: R&B singer
- Paula Jones
- DeForest Kelley: Star Trek actor
- Vicki Lawrence: comedian
- Bob Lemon: baseball player and baseball manager, baseball Hall of Fame inductee
- Camryn Manheim: actress
- Misty May: professional beach volleyball player
- Willie McGinest: football player, played for Long Beach Poly High School
- Mike McCready: Pearl Jam's guitarist
- Robert Mitchum: actor
- Bradley Nowell: singer songwriter of Sublime
- Elizabeth Short (aka "The Black Dahlia"): famous murder victim
- Upton Sinclair: author
- Alan Stock: radio talk show host
- Chase Utley: baseball player, played for Long Beach Poly High School
- Carl Weathers: actor NFL player Attended and played for Long Beach Poly High School
- Wheely Willy:celebrity dog, featured in Children's Books, TV celebrity
Neighborhoods of Long Beach
Long Beach is a mosaic of neighborhoods, with some of them well-defined, while others blend into nearby neighborhoods. The most desirable properties in Long Beach are in the Belmont Shore and Naples areas in southeast Long Beach near Alamitos Bay and the Pacific Ocean, the homes near the Virginia Country Club in Bixby Knolls in west-central Long Beach, and the areas near El Dorado Park and Long Beach State on the east side of Long Beach. The most dangerous area in Long Beach is the area on the east of 710, south of 405, north of 1st street.
Both Pine Avenue and the Linden Avenue area in downtown Long Beach, and Broadway in Belmont Shore are known for their restaurants and nightlife. The 4th Street Corridor is known for its funky shops, antique stores and vintage clothing stores. The Broadway Corridor between downtown and Belmont Shore has the greatest number of gay-owned and oriented establishments in Long Beach.
- Belmont Heights
- Belmont Shore
- Bixby Knolls
- Bixby Village
- Bluff Park
- Broadway Corridor
- California Heights
- College Park
- Downtown Long Beach
- East Village
- Eastside
- El Dorado Park
- 4th Street Corridor
- Lakewood Village
- Little Phnom Penh (aka Anaheim Corridor)
- Long Beach Marina
- Los Altos
- Naples
- North Long Beach
- Rose Park
- Shoreline Village
- Silverado Park
- Stearns Park
- Terminal Island
- Traffic Circle
- Westside
- Wrigley Neighborhood
Trivia
Douglas "Wrong Way" Corrigan used to regularly fly out of Daugherty Field (which later became the Long Beach Airport). Before his infamous flight from Brooklyn, New York to Ireland in 1938, he had already flown a transcontinental flight from Long Beach to New York. He was supposed to be returning to Daugherty Field after authorities had refused his request to fly on to Ireland, but because of a claimed navigational error, he ended up in Ireland instead. He never publicly acknowledged having flown to Ireland intentionally.
The first Miss Universe contest was held in Long Beach on 29 June 1952, as well as the 1953-1959 Miss Universe contests. After the Miss Universe contest moved to Miami in 1960, the first Miss International contest was held in Long Beach in 1960, and continued until 1968 when the contest moved to Japan. Miss International contests were again held in Long Beach in 1971 before returning permanently to Japan.
Long Beach's sister cities are [1]:
- Bacolod, Philippines
- Guadalajara, Mexico
- Izmir, Turkey
- Manta, Ecuador
- Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Qingdao, China; Sochi, Russia
- Valparaiso, Chile
- Yokkaichi, Japan.
See also
External links
- City of Long Beach
- Port of Long Beach
- Aquarium of the Pacific
- Grand Prix of Long Beach
- Long Beach Ice Dogs
- Long Beach Congressional Cup
- Catalina Ski Race
- Long Beach Museum of Art
- Museum of Latin American Art
- Long Beach Symphony Orchestra
- KJAZZ 88.1 FM
- CSULB Widescreen Film Festival
- Long Beach Lesbian & Gay Pride Parade & Festival
- Long Beach Public Transit
- Los Angeles Metropolitan Transit Authority
- Maps and aerial photos
- Street map from Google Local or Yahoo! Maps
- Topographic map from TopoZone
- Aerial image or topographic map from TerraServer-USA
- Satellite image from Google Local or Microsoft Virtual Earth
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