Napier, New Zealand
From Freepedia
| Napier | ||
|---|---|---|
| Urban Zone | Population | 56,700 |
| Extent | the city, Eskdale,
Waiohiki |
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| Territorial Authority |
Name | Napier City |
| Population | 55,800 | |
| Extent | Bay View to Taradale
& Awatoto |
|
| See also | Hastings District | |
| Regional Council | Name | Hawke's Bay |
The town is 332 kilometres, northwest, by road (about four hours) from the capital, Wellington. It is the second largest city in the Hawke's Bay region, which is the largest crossbred wool centre in the Southern Hemisphere and one of the largest apple, pear and stone fruit producing areas in New Zealand. It has also become an important grape growing and wine production area with the fruit passing from the growers around Metropolitan Hastings and then to Napier for exporting. There are large frozen meat, wool, pulp and timber tonnages passing through Napier’s port.
Napier is a popular retirement town and tourist resort, and has one of the most photographed tourist attractions in the country, a statue on Marine Parade called Pania Of The Reef. Her statue is regarded in Napier in much the same way that the Little Mermaid statue is regarded in Copenhagen, and bears some similarities to its Scandinavian equivalent.
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History
Napier has a well documented Maori history. When the Ngati Kahungunu party of Taraia reached the district many centuries ago, the Whatumamoa, Rangitane and the Ngati Awa and elements of the Ngati Tara iwi existed in the nearby areas of Petane, Te Whanganui-a-Orotu and Waiohiki. Later, the Ngati Kahungunu became the dominant force from Poverty Bay to Wellington. They were one of the first Maori tribes to come in contact with European settlers. Te Whanganui-a-Orotu is still regarded as a Taonga Tuku Iho (a treasure for all time).
Chief Te Ahuriri cut a channel into the lagoon space at Ahuriri because the Westshore entrance had became blocked, threatening cultivations surrounding the Whanga and the fishing villages on the islands in the lagoon. The rivers were continually feeding freshwater into the area.
The first European to see the future site of Napier was Captain James Cook who sailed down the east coast in October 1769. He commented: "On each side of this bluff head is a low, narrow sand or stone beach, between these beaches and the mainland is a pretty large lake of salt water I suppose." He said the harbour entrance was at the Westshore end of the shingle beach. The site was subsequently visited and later settled by European traders, whalers and missionaries. By the 1850s farmers and hotel-keepers arrived.
The Crown purchased the Ahuriri block (including the site of Napier) in 1851. In 1854 Alfred Domett was appointed Commissioner of Crown Lands and resident magistrate at Ahuriri. A plan was prepared and the town named after Sir Charles Napier, hero of the Battle of Meeanee in the Indian province of Scinde. Domett named many streets in the settlement to commemorate the great colonial era of the British Indian Empire. He also displayed his own literary preferences by naming streets after famous artists and literary figures.
The town was constituted a borough in 1874 and development of the surrounding marsh lands and reclamation proceeded slowly. Between 1852 and 1876 Napier was the administrative centre for the Hawke's Bay Provincial Government but in 1876 the Abolition of Provinces Act dissolved provincial government, replacing it with a central assembly in Wellington.
Development was generally confined to the hill and to the port area of Ahuriri. In the early days Napier consisted of an oblong mass of hills (Scinde Island) almost entirely surrounded by water, from which ran out two single spits, one to the north and one to the south. There was a swamp between the now Hastings Street and Wellesley Road and the water extended to Clive Square. Some 40 km2 of today's Napier was undersea before the earthquake lifted it up.In 1931 Napier was levelled by an earthquake and ensuing fires which killed 258 people. The town centre was destroyed and rebuilt in the popular Art Deco style of the time. Although a few Deco buildings were replaced with contemporary structures during the 1960s 70s and 80s (including ironically, the Art Gallery), most of the centre remained intact for long enough to become recognized as architecturally unique, and from the 1990s onwards had been protected and restored. Napier and South Beach (Miami) are considered by many Deco enthusiasts the two best preserved Deco towns, Miami Beach being mainly in the later Streamline Moderne Art Deco style.
In January 1945, the German submarine U862 entered the Port of Napier undetected. That event later became the basis of a widely circulated post-war myth that Kapitanleutnant Heinrich Timm took his crew ashore near Napier to milk cows to supplement their rations.
Geography and climate
The town is located on a headland (Bluff Hill) and surrounding plain at the southeastern edge of Hawke Bay, a large semi-circular bay which dominates the east coast of New Zealand's North Island. The coastline of the town was substantially altered by a large earthquake in 1931. Apart from Hastings, several other, smaller towns lie close to the city, some of which (such as Taradale) are now little more than large suburbs. Other surrounding towns include Bay View, to the north, Clive, to the south, and Flaxmere, west of Hastings City.
The town enjoys some of the highest sunshine hours in New Zealand, its warm, relatively dry climate the result of its location on the east coast, a mediterranean climate delivered from the waters to the north, and its strategic position in Hawke's Bay. Most of New Zealand's weather patterns cross the country from the west, and the town lies in the rain shadow of the Volcanic Plateau and surrounding ranges such as the Kaweka Range. However, the town is prone to the remnants of tropical cyclones from the central Pacific Ocean, which occasionally are still at storm strength by the time that they have reached Hawke's Bay.
Tourism
The major tourist attraction in Napier is the town itself which draws Art Deco and Architecture enthusiasts from around the world. After the 1931 earthquake, the rebuilding period happened to co-incide with the shortlived and rapidly changing Art Deco era, and the Great Depression was in progress with little 'Mainstreet' development being undertaken elsewhere. As a result Napier's architecture is strikingly different from any other city in NZ... or overseas; the other notable Art Deco city, Miami Beach, has Streamline Moderne Art Deco.Because of the earthquake the whole centre of Napier was rebuilt at once, and in many ways it resembles a film set as it has whole streets of 'in period' buildings, but it is a real city and the buildings are original. Santa Barbara, California was also rebuilt after an earthquake in 1925 and is notable for its Spanish Mission Style buildings.
Other tourist attractions in Napier include The Soundshell, Marineland, the National Aquarium, the Cape Kidnappers Gannet colony, and many local vineyards bordering Hastings City. Many use Napier as a gateway to Hawkes Bay, the Hawkes Bay Domestic airport near Bay View flies people in from Wellington City, Auckland and Christchurch. The from Napier, Toursits explore Hastings City, Havelock North, Wairoa and Cape Kidnappers.
Tourists flock to Napier in February for Art Deco weekend and the Mission Concert Weekend. The wine industry is huge which hosts the Annual Harvest Hawkes Bay Weekend.
Industries
The range of industries in Napier, and its environs, include the electronics industry, the surrouding area wool trade, and the manufacture of fertilizer and wine. The warm climate is also suitable for growing tobacco, and Napier is home to one of New Zealand's largest smoking tobacco plants.
