Neorealism

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Neorealism in political science

In political science, neorealism is a theory of international relations, outlined by Kenneth Waltz in his 1979 book, Theory of International Politics. Waltz argues in favor of a systemic approach: The international structure acts as a constraint on state behavior, so that different states behave in a similar manner, and outcomes fall within an expected range. The international structure is decentralized and anarchic, with states as the political units. States are assumed at a minimum to want to ensure their own survival. States are deemed similar in terms of needs but not in capabilities for acheiving them. The positional placement of states in terms of abilities primarily defines the structure. The structure then limits cooperation among states through fears of relative gains made by other states, and the possibility of dependence on other states. The desire and relative abilities of each state to maximize power results in a 'balance of power,' which shapes international relations.

See also: Realism

Neorealism in film and literature

In cinema and in literature, neorealism is a cultural movement that, following the realism, brings elements of true life in the stories it describes, which is in contrast with a tendency to depict a world mainly existing in imagination only.

The movement was developed in Europe, mainly soon after the end of WWII, with notable examples in Italy.

See also: History of cinema, Italian neorealism