Newton scale

From Freepedia

The Newton scale is a temperature scale devised by Isaac Newton around 1700. Applying his mind to the problem of heat, he elaborated a first qualitative temperature scale, comprising about twenty reference points ranging from "cold air in winter" to "glowing coals in the kitchen fire". This approach was rather crude and problematical, so Newton quickly became dissatisfied with it. He knew that most substances expand when heated, so he took a container of linseed oil and measured its change of volume against his reference points. He found that the volume of linseed oil grew by 7.25% when heated from the temperature of melting snow to that of boiling water.

After a while, he defined the "zeroth degree of heat" as melting snow and "33 degrees of heat" as boiling water. He called his instrument a "thermometer".

Thus the unit of this scale, the Newton degree, equals 100/33^rd of a kelvin (or of a degree Celsius) and has the same zero as the Celsius scale.

Degree Newton
Kelvin	[K] = [°N] · 100/33 + 273.15	[°N] = ([K] − 273.15) · 33/100
Celsius	[°C] = [°N] · 100/33	[°N] = [°C] · 33/100
Fahrenheit	[°F] = [°N] · 60/11 + 32	[°N] = ([°F] − 32) · 11/60
Rankine	[°Ra] = [°N] · 60/11 + 491.67	[°N] = ([°Ra] − 491.67) · 11/60
Réaumur	[°Ré] = [°N] · 80/33	[°N] = [°Ré] · 33/80
Rømer	[°Rø] = [°N] · 35/22 + 7.5	[°N] = ([°Rø] − 7.5) · 22/35
Delisle	[°De] = (33 − [°N]) · 50/11	[°N] = 33 − [°De] · 11/50