Olympia, Greece

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Image:Palestra at Olympia.jpg
Ancient Olympia - Statistics
Prefecture:	Ilia
Province:	Olympia
Location:	37° 38′ 24″ N, 21° 37′ 25″ E
Area: -Total -Water -Rank	km²
Population: (1991) - Total - Density¹ - Rank	-11,069 -/km²</small>
Communes:	22
Elevation: -lowest: -centre: -highest:	about 10 m 63 m(centre)
Postal code:	270 65
Area/distance code:	11-30-26240-2 (030-26240-2)
Municipal code:	1705
Car designation:	`HA`
Name of inhabitants:	Olympian sing. -s pl.
Website:	www.olympia.gr (in Greek and English)

Olympia (Greek: Ολυμπία Olympí'a or Ολύμπια Olýmpia, older transliterations, Olimpia, Olimbia), a city of ancient Greece in Elis, is known for having been the site of the Olympic Games in classical times, comparable in importance to the Pythian Games held in Delphi. Both games were held every olympiad (i.e. every four years), the Olympic Games dating back at least as far as 776 BC. In 394 emperor Theodosius I abolished them because they were reminiscent of paganism.

Olympia is also known for the gigantic ivory and gold statue of Zeus that used to stand there, sculpted by Phidias, which was named one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World by Herodotus. Very close to the temple of Zeus (see photo of ruins below) which housed this statue, the studio of Phidias was excavated in the 1950s. Evidence found there such as sculptor's tools, corroborates this opinion.

Excavation of the Olympia temple district and its surroundings began with a French expedition in 1829. German archaeologists continued the work in the latter part of the 19th century. The latter group uncovered, intact, the Hermes of Praxiteles statue, among other artifacts. In the middle of the 20th Century, the stadium where the running contests took place was excavated.

The Olympic flame of the modern-day Olympic Games is lit by reflection of sunlight in a parabolic mirror at the restored Olympia stadium and then transported by a torch to the place where the games are held.

When the modern Olympics came to Athens in 2004, the men's and women's shot put competition was held at the restored stadium.

The ancient ruins sits north of the Alfeios River and lies next to Cronius or Kronios hill (the hill of Kronos, or Saturn). Kladeos, a tributary of Alfeios, flows around the area.

The town has a school and a square (plateia). Tourism is popular throughout the late-20th century. The city has a train station and is the easternmost terminus of the line of Olympia-Pyrgos (Ilia). The train station which the freight yard is west of it is about 300 m east of the town centre.

It is linked by GR-74 and the new road was opened in the 1980s, the next stretch N and NE of Olympia will open in around 2005. Distance from Pyrgos is 20 km E(old: 21 km), about 50 km SW of Lampeia, W of Tripoli and Arcadia and 4 km north of Krestena and N of Kyparissia and Messenia. The highway passed north of the ancient ruins.

Image:Temple of Zeus.JPG

A reservoir is located 2 km southwest damming up the Alfeios river and has a road from Olympia and Krestena which in the late-1990s has been closed.

The area is hilly and mountains, most of the area within Olympia is forested.