Orphan
From Freepedia
- For alternative meanings of the word orphan, see Orphan (disambiguation).
An orphan (from the Greek ορφανός) is a person (or animal), one or both of whose parents have died. Common usage limits the term to children, (or the young of animals) who have lost both parents. On this basis half-orphans are those with one surviving parent.
In certain animal species where the father typically abandons the mother and child at or prior to birth, the child will be called an orphan when the mother dies regardless of the condition of the father.
Societal treatment of orphaned children
Today, in the first world, most orphaned children are placed in foster care and then adopted with a permanent family as soon as possible.
In past times and in much of the third world, orphans often lived homeless as "street urchins", or were cared for in almshouses, orphanages, or occasionally monasteries; most modern people feel that this was a mistake, or, at the least, provided suboptimal care. In particular, almshouses were often shared with the adult homeless and the (sometimes dangerously) mentally ill in an age when many mental illnesses were incurable.
In some nations faced with war and AIDS, a significant proportion of the young population is orphaned, which is a major humanitarian crisis. In the People's Republic of China, infant daughters are sometimes abandoned due to the one child policy, which also creates a significant number of effective orphans.
Orphans typically suffer from adjustment problems related to identity, according to studies.
Orphans in literature
Orphaned characters are extremely common as literary protagonists, especially in children's and fantasy literature. The lack of parents leaves the characters to pursue more interesting and adventurous lives, by freeing them from familial obligations and controls, and depriving them of more prosaic lives. The lack of parents creates characters that are self-contained and introspective and who strive for affection. Orphans can metaphorically search for self-understanding through attempting to know their roots. All these characteristics make orphans attractive characters for authors.
Some examples of literary orphans include:
- Oliver Twist
- Philip Pirrip ("Pip")
- Tom Sawyer
- Anne Shirley
- Little Orphan Annie
- James Henry Trotter
- Homer Wells
- Harry Potter
- Huckleberry Finn was technically a half-orphan, but neglected to such an extent by "Pappy" that he was effectively an orphan
Some literary children have no parents, but it is not clear whether they are orphans or simply came into being without ever having had parents, such as:
