Pantone
From Freepedia
Pantone Inc., a multi-billion-dollar corporation headquartered in Carlstadt, New Jersey, is known for its Pantone color matching systems, used in a variety of industries, including printing, and in the manufacture of colored paint, fabric and plastics.
Pantone was founded in 1962 by Lawrence Herbert, now the current CEO, Chairman and President of the company. At first, Pantone was a small business which manufactured color cards for cosmetics companies. Herbert soon acquired Pantone, and developed the first color matching system in 1963.
Primary among these products are the Pantone Guides, which consist of a large number of small (approx. 6×2 inches or 15×5 cm) thin cardboard sheets, printed on one side with a series of related color swatches and then bound into a small flipbook. For instance, a particular "page" might contain a number of yellows varying in luminance from light to dark. Annual editions of the Pantone Guides are released, since the inks in each edition will fade over time.
In theory, the idea of the Pantone system is to pick desired colors from the guides, and then use their numbers to specify how to color the finished article. In the case of printing, one might ask the print shop to "print this area using Pantone 655". The print shop will have instructions on how to produce color 655 on their equipment, and the output will look as expected. Pantone guides are recommended to be replaced yearly. Pantone guides from differing years and editions often have colors that deviate from each other. One solution would be to go digital, with the use of the Pantone library built into spectrophotometers. This way users could measure the color value and compare to the Pantone value directly without having to measure the printed Pantone color guide.
People often mistake Pantone as a color management system. While the majority of home and office printing is done on 4 color printers, using the CMYK system, the Pantone system actually defines mixes of base inks, and are called spot colors. As such Pantone colors do not really fall into the RGB (ie. screen) or CMYK (ie. 4 color print) gamuts, and are often used to extend the possibilities of color in print (including metalic and "Day-Glo").
Pantone colors, described by their number, have found their way into legislation, especially to describe the colors of flags. The Scottish Parliament recently debated a measure to define the Scottish flag (saltire) as Pantone 300. As well, countries such as Canada and South Korea indicate specific Pantone colors to use when producing flags. It is open to speculation whether legislators realize that Pantone may choose to reformulate the color, or that color science offers other more permanent ways to define a color.
Pantone's list of color numbers and values is the intellectual property of Pantone and free use of the list is not allowed. This is why Pantone colors cannot be supported in Open Source software such as GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP) and are not often found in low-cost software. (This protection is based on copyright and trademark law, not as is sometimes stated software patents).
Pantone also owns and has a patent [1] on the six color Hexachrome system.
