Park Avenue (Manhattan)
From Freepedia
Park Avenue (formerly Fourth Avenue) is a wide boulevard that carries traffic north and south in Manhattan in New York City. Throughout most of its duration it runs parallel to Madison Avenue, to the west, and Lexington Avenue, to the east. The thoroughfare is noted for its perennially high real estate prices and affluent reputation, especially as it runs through the Upper East Side.
Park Avenue originates as Lafayette Place (the border between Greenwich Village and the Lower East Side). From 14th Street to 17th Street, it is known as Union Square East, as it forms Union Square's eastern boundary. After 17th Street, it is known as Park Avenue South (or Fourth Avenue).
The name of the avenue changes from Park Avenue South to Park Avenue at 32nd Street. The Murray Hill Tunnel carries two lanes, one in each direction, between 33rd Street and 40th Street. Immediately across from 40th Street, these center lanes rise onto an elevated structure that goes over and around Grand Central Terminal, carrying each direction on opposite sides of the building, which takes up the space formerly occupied by Park Avenue from 42nd Street to 45th Street. The bridge, one of two structures known as the Park Avenue Viaduct, returns to ground level at 46th Street.
As Park Avenue enters Midtown north of Grand Central, it is distinguished by many glass-box skyscrapers that serve as headquarters for corporations such as JPMorgan Chase, Citigroup, and MetLife.
From Grand Central to 97th Street, Metro-North Railroad tracks run in a tunnel underneath Park Avenue (the Park Avenue Tunnel). At 97th, the tracks come above ground, rising onto the other structure known as the Park Avenue Viaduct. The first street to pass under the viaduct is 102nd Street; from there to the Harlem River the railroad viaduct runs down the middle of Park Avenue.
Park Avenue ends north of 132nd Street, with connections to FDR Drive. The name is continued on the other side of the river in the Bronx by the street just east of the railroad; see Park Avenue (Bronx).
The following corporations are headquartered on Park Avenue:
- Philip Morris
- JPMorgan Chase
- Lehman Brothers
- Bankers Trust
- Colgate Palmolive
- Bristol Myers Squibb
- Citigroup
- MetLife
History
Park Avenue was originally known as Fourth Avenue and carried the tracks of the New York and Harlem Railroad starting in the 1830s. The railroad originally built an open cut through Murray Hill which was covered with grates and grass between 34th and 40th Street in the early 1850s. A section of this "park" was renamed Park Avenue in 1860. In 1867 the name applied all the way to 42nd Street. When Grand Central Depot was opened in the 1870s the railroad between 56th and 96th Street were sunk out of sight and in 1888, Park Avenue was extended to Harlem River.
In 1936, an elevated structure was built around Grand Central Terminal to allow automobile traffic to pass the station unimpeded. In October 1937, a part of the Murray Hill Tunnel was reopened for road traffic.
In 1959, the City Council changed the name of Fourth Avenue between 17th and 32nd Streets to Park Avenue South. In 1963, the Pan Am Building was built straddling Park Avenue atop Grand Central Terminal, with a tunnel through it to accommodate the automobile bridge.
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The Major Avenues of New York City | ||||
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To the west |
Park Avenue |
To the east | ||
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11th | 10th | 9th | 8th | 7th | 6th | 5th | Madison | Park | Lexington | 3rd | 2nd | 1st | ||||
