Lactated Ringer's solution
From Freepedia
Lactated Ringer's Solution is a solution that is isotonic with blood and intended for intravenous administration. Veterinary administration may also be subcutaneous.
Lactated Ringer's Solution is abbreviated as "LR" or "RL". It is also known as Ringer's Lactate Solution or Hartmann's Solution.
Ingredients
One liter of Lactated Ringer's Solution contains:
- 130 mEq of sodium ion.
- 109 mEq of chloride ion.
- 28 mEq of lactate.
- 4 mEq of potassium ion.
- 3 mEq of calcium ion.
Generally, the sodium, chloride, potassium and lactate come from NaCl (sodium chloride), C3H5NaO3 (sodium lactate), CaCl2 (calcium chloride), and KCl (potassium chloride).
Clinical History
Lactated Ringer's Solution was invented by Sydney Ringer, a British physiologist who was born in 1835 in Norwich, England and died October 14, 1910, in Lastingham, Yorkshire, England.
Therapy
Lactated Ringer's Solution is often used for fluid resuscitation after a blood loss due to trauma, surgery, or a burn injury. It is also used to induce urination in patients with renal failure.
Lactated Ringer's Solution is used because the byproducts of lactate metabolism in the liver counteract acidosis, which is a chemical imbalance that occurs with acute fluid loss or renal failure.
The intravenous dose of Lactated Ringer's Solution is usually calculated by estimated fluid loss and presumed fluid deficit. The maintenace dose for a patient with no blood loss or other volume deficit is 90 mL/hour/kg in infants to 55 mL/hr/kg in adult women.
The presumed fluid volume in a human body is greatest in infants and declines with age. Fluid volumes are smaller in females than males due to differences in average body fat. Total fluid accounts of 60% of body weight, 40% of the body weight is in the cells and 20% of the body weight is outside the cells. 5% of the body weight is made up of extracellular fluid inside the blood stream and 15% outside.
Other commonly used intravenous soulutions include normal saline and hespan.
