Santa Fe Province
From Freepedia
| Image:Flag of Santa Fe province in Argentina.gif | |
| Capital | Santa Fe |
| Area | 133,007 km² |
| Population | 3,000,701 (2001) |
| Density | 22.56/km² |
| Governor | Jorge Obeid (PJ) |
| Demonym | Santafesino |
| Image:Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina.png | |
Santa Fe is a province of Argentina, located in the north of the country. Neighboring provinces are from the north clockwise Chaco, Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Buenos Aires, Córdoba and Santiago del Estero.
Its more important cities are Rosario (population 908,000), the capital Santa Fe (369,000), Rafaela (83,000), Villa Gobernador Gálvez (74,000), Venado Tuerto (69,000), Reconquista (66,000) and Santo Tomé (58,000). The illiteracy rate of the province is 3.7%.
Contents |
History
The aboriginal tribes who inhabited this region were the Tobas, Timbúes, Mocovíes, Pilagás, Guaycurúes and Guaraníes. They were nomadic, lived from hunting, fishing and fruit recollection.
The first European settlement was established in 1527, at the confluence of the Paraná and Carcarañá rivers, when Sebastián Gaboto, on his way to the north, founded a fort named Sancti Spiritu, which was destroyed two years later by the natives.
In 1573 Juan de Garay founded the city of Santa Fe in the surroundings of present town Cayastá, but the city was moved both in 1651, and 1660 to its present location.
In 1812 the lawyer and general Manuel Belgrano created and displayed for the first time the Argentine flag on the banks of the Paraná river, at Rosario (by that time a small village), 160 km south of Santa Fe.
In 1815, while Alvear's central government felt due to Ignacio Álvarez Thomas' rebellion (at that time commander of an army sent to Santa Fe against Artigas), Francisco Candioti, the local militia chief, took over, peacefully, of government, thus starting the era of Santa Fe as an autonomous province. This period was short lived, since that same year Candioti passed away and central government reestablished the dependant government. However, in 1816, the caudillos Mariano Vera and Estanislao López deposed the governor delegate and proclaimed the sovereignty of the province and its membership into Artigas's Free Peoples League (Liga de Pueblos Libres).
López drew, in 1818, a provincial constitution of a strongly conservative flavour, after rejecting a project proposed by a provincial assembly; Santa Fe was the first province to have its constitution. During the civil strifes of 1820, Santa Fe troops were decisive in the defeat of Buenos Aires' centralist army. So, in time, López gradually became the Federation's Patriarc, establishing himself as referent of the Federal Party until his death on 1838.
After López's death it was his secretary and right hand, José María Cullen the one elected governor. However, being Cullen a potential rival of Buenos Aires's governor and Confederation's Foreign Affairs Representative, Juan Manuel de Rosas, he sook and got Cullen's capture and execution, naming pro-rosist Juan Pablo López as governor. The new governor mantained in power, alterning with Pascual Echagüe, until the province invasion by Justo José de Urquiza's Great Army in 1851, and during his term the province adopted a new Constitution in 1841.
After the organization of the nation, the province lived and era of peace and prosperity; in 1872 the railways already connected many points of the province, as well as the telegraph lines and in 1889 is founded the Universidad de Santa Fe.
The political hegemony of the conservative groups was challenged by the new ideas brought by the European immigrants gave birth to the Unión Cívica Radical (UCR) and the Partido Demócrata Progresista (PDP), and the creation of the Federación Agraria Argentina ("Argentine Agrarian Federation"). These two parties had many strong electoral contests with the province's conservative parties.
After the Electoral Reform of Roque Sáenz Peña in 1912, the UCR reached the government and stayed until the coup of 1930. During this time, more precisely in 1919, The Universidad Nacional del Litoral was founded. In 1932 it was the PDP who got the governor's seat.
The province importance kept growing, as a major agricultural producer, with Rosario as one of the most important ports of Argentina.
Geography and climate
Most of the province consists of green flatlands, part of the humid Pampas, bordering to the north with the Gran Chaco region. There are low sierras to the west. The north has higher temperatures with an annual average of 21şC and precipitations of up to 1,100 mm at the east, decreasing to the west where there is a distinctive dry season during the winter. The south presents lower temperatures, and slightly less precipitations.
The main river, and connection to open sea through the River Plate is the Paraná River. There are also other tributaries to the Paraná including Salado del Norte, Carcarañá and Arroyo del Medio. The plain lands tend to be flooded after heavy rains due to the growth of the Paraná and Salado rivers.
Economy
Santa Fe's economy is one of the most important of the country. Twenty-one percent of the cultivated lands of Argentina are in Santa Fe, whose main crops are soybean (main national producer), sunflower, maize, wheat and rice. In smaller scale strawberry, honey and derivatives (300,000 beehives), wood and cotton are produced.
The green grass of the province is ideal for the 6.5 million heads of cattle (20% of national stock), which is not only source of meat but of 2,600 million of litres of milk per year (40% of the national production), which is processed in the over 5,000 diaries.
The ports between Rosario and San Lorenzo are departure points for the exportation of the production of the Santa Fe and many other provinces; through them leave 65% of the Argentine cereal and 55% of the country's exports. In 2004, Santa Fe's exports (7,170 million USD) accounted for 21% of the national total. Between 2001 and 2004 they increased 65.2%. Derivates of soybean, flours and vegetable oils comprised about 2,000 million USD and over 7.6 million tonnes. [1]
The industry of Santa Fe represents 30% of its production and is also among the top in Argentina. Mills that produce different flours and oils, beer, and other food industries, leather and textiles, hydrocarbon refineries, steel (1 million tonnes a year) and metals production, industrial and agricultural machines, car industry and others.
Tourism is not an important activity in spite of the wide range of hotels and restaurants. Rosario, home to the National Flag Memorial (Monumento Nacional a la Bandera) and a number of museums, receives a number of visitors from Argentina. The replica of the Sancti Spiritu Fort, the ruins of Cayastá and the city of Santa Fe are also common destinations.
Government
The provincial government is divided in the usual three branches: the executive, headed by a governor, popularly elected for non-reelection four-year terms, who appoint the cabinet; the legislative, formed by a bi-cameral legislature (a 50-member Chamber of Deputies and a 19-member Senate, all elected for four-year terms); and the judiciary, headed by the Supreme Court and completed by several inferior tribunals.
Since 1991, the executive and legislative officials were elected in single-round elections by a controversial system called Ley de Lemas. This system was repealed in 2004; the new one includes compulsory primary elections, which were held for the first time in August 2005, with good results according to most analyses. The parliamentary election of 23 October 2005 was the first main election without the Ley de Lemas.
Administrative division
The province is divided in 19 departments (in Spanish, departamentos), and the departments are divided in districts which can be organised as communes or municipalities (the latter are the ones over 10,000 inhabitants, usually referred to as "cities").
| Departament | Population | Area | Head town |
|---|---|---|---|
| Belgrano | 41,449 | 2,386 km² | Las Rosas |
| Caseros | 79,096 | 3,449 km² | Casilda |
| Castellanos | 162,165 | 6,600 km² | Rafaela |
| Constitución | 83,045 | 3,225 km² | Villa Constitución |
| Garay | 19,913 | 3,964 km² | Helvecia |
| General López | 182,113 | 11,558 km² | Melincué |
| General Obligado | 166,436 | 10,928 km² | Reconquista |
| Iriondo | 65,486 | 3,184 km² | Cañada de Gómez |
| La Capital | 489,505 | 3,055 km² | Santa Fe |
| Las Colonias | 95,202 | 6,439 km² | Esperanza |
| 9 de Julio | 28,273 | 16,870 km² | Tostado |
| Rosario | 1,121,441 | 1,890 km² | Rosario |
| San Cristóbal | 64,935 | 14,850 km² | San Cristóbal, Santa Fe |
| San Javier | 29,912 | 6,929 km² | San Javier |
| San Jerónimo | 77,253 | 4,282 km² | Coronda |
| San Justo | 40,379 | 5,575 km² | San Justo |
| San Lorenzo | 142,097 | 1,867 km² | San Lorenzo |
| San Martín | 60,698 | 4,860 km² | Sastre |
| Vera | 51,303 | 21,096 km² | Vera |
External links
- Official website
- Inforama - Maps and information on departments and municipalities in Santa Fe.
- Pictures from Santa Fe Province
| Provinces of Argentina | Image:Flag of Argentina.svg |
|---|---|
| Buenos Aires | Buenos Aires Province | Catamarca | Chaco | Chubut | Córdoba | Corrientes | Entre Ríos | Formosa | Jujuy | La Pampa | La Rioja | Mendoza | Misiones | Neuquen | Río Negro | Salta | San Juan | San Luis | Santa Cruz | Santa Fe | Santiago del Estero | Tierra del Fuego, Antarctica, and South Atlantic Islands | Tucumán | |
