Saxitoxin
From Freepedia
| Saxitoxin | |
|---|---|
| Chemical formula | C10H17N7O4 |
| Molecular mass | 299.29 g/mol |
| CAS number | 35523-89-8 |
| SMILES | N=C1N[C@@H](COC(N)=O) [C@H]3[C@]2(N=C(N)N3) N1CCC2(O)O |
| Image:Saxitoxin structure.png | |
Saxitoxin (STX), is a neurotoxin found in marine dinoflagellates. It is a selective Na+ (sodium) channel blocker. The United States military isolated Saxitoxin and assigned it the military symbol TZ. It is unique among toxins in that its rate-of-action is in a matter of minutes. The LCt50 of TZ is 5 mg.min/m3.
The medical importance of Saxitoxin is in relation to red tide in shellfish, and fugu food poisoning. The blocking of the sodium channel produces a flacid paralysis that leaves its victim calm and conscious through the progression of symptoms. Death is from respiratory failure. In Japan those that die from fugu poisoning are ritually layed next to their grave for three days as near-lethal poisonings can mimic death.
It is listed in schedule 1 of the Chemical Weapons Convention. Though its early isolation and characterization were related to military efforts, Saxitoxin has been more important to cellular research in describing the function of the sodium channel.
