Secretary
From Freepedia
A secretary is an office/administrative support position. The title refers to a person who performs routine, administrative, or personal tasks for a superior. These office employees perform duties such as typing, computer processing, and scheduling for an executive. They usually work at desks in offices.
- Since the Renaissance until the late 19th century, men involved in the daily correspondance and ther activities of the mighty had assumed the title of secretary (or in other cases clerk), which contains the word secret to indicate the confidential -hence potentially influential- nature of such work.
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Ordinary sense
- In the 1880s, with the invention of the typewriter, more women began to enter the field. Since World War I, however, the role of secretary has been primarily associated with women. By the 1930s, fewer men were entering the secretarial field.
In an effort to promote professionalism amongst US secretaries, the National Secretaries Association was created in 1942. Today, this organization is known as the International Association of Administrative Professionals (IAAP) The organization developed the first standardized test for office workers called the Certified Professional Secretaries Examination (CPS). It was first administered in 1951.
In 1952, Mary Barrett, president of the National Secretaries Association, C. King Woodbridge, president of Dictaphone Corporation, and American businessman Harry F. Klemfuss created a special Secretary's Day holiday, to recognize the hard work of the staff in the office. The holiday caught on, and during the fourth week of April is now celebrated in offices all over the world. It has been renamed "Administrative Professional's Week" to highlight the increased responsibility of today's secretary and other administrative workers, and to avoid embarrassment to those who believe "secretary" refers only to women or to unskilled workers.
At the administrative level many job descriptions blur into each other; a secretary in one company might be called an administrative assistant in another. However, while Administrative Assistant is a truly generic term, not necessarily implying directly working for a superior, Secretary tends to be biased towards typing-based activities directed by a superior. Other titles describing jobs similar to or overlapping those of the traditional secretary are Office Coordinator, Executive Assistant, Office Manager and Administrative Professional.
Secretarial jobs are popular as they require few formal qualifications and yet can be skilled jobs. At the most basic end of the spectrum a secretary may need only a good command of the prevailing office language and the ability to type, while at the other end of the spectrum they may be required to take dictation by writing in shorthand at spoken-language rates, type at high speeds using technical language, organise diaries and carry out administrative duties which may include accountancy. Other common tasks are filing and fetching papers (or the equivalent files and databases online), and planning meetings.
Interaction with the general public varies from none to extensive, though in the modern US those whose work entails customer service requests are often called "customer service representatives". They are distinct from those called "secretaries" because the scope of their work is smaller. A large urban supermarket, for instance, will have office staff working in enclosed offices in addition to checkout staff, with the latter usually only handling their own receipts for that day's sales while the professional staff must reconcile all accounts daily.
Temporary employment agencies often fill secretarial jobs.
Private Secretary
This term denotes a secretary who is assigned to assist the person of a high dignitary, such as a prince or statesman, or high cleric, or of a wealthy person or celebrity, so a return to the more influential origins of the word secretary, and has emained mainly a man's job.
The actual tasks and status vary greatly per position, and even over time to the same 'master position'
While it may still be a rather informal position, some officies have themselves become quite institutionalized, especially assisting the very highest placed persons, such as:
- UK&Commonwealth Private Secretary to the Sovereign
- Catholic church- Private Secretary to the Pope, often filled by a titular archbishop, as Stanislaw Dziwisz to his Polish compatriot John Paul II (after his death, nominated to the late pope's own pre-Vatican see of Krakow)
Diplomacy
The diplomatic ranks of First -, Second and Third Secretary rank under Counsellor, but above Attache
Political and administrative titles
- In some Anglo-Saxon and other countries, the word secretary, as the short form of the (cabinet or lower) ministerial rank or specific portfolio title Secretary of State (see that article), is the politician in charge of a department of government, and performs duties equal to that of a minister of a ministry, for example The Secretary of Defense.
- A permanent secretary
- In a large bureaucratic hierarchy, there can be a host of titles including or variations of the word secretary, such as:
Other uses
- The term secretary (or secrétaire in French) is also used to describe a specific type of desk with an hinged working surface, such as a secretary desk, a fall front desk or a Bargueno desk.
- The Secretary Bird
