Timurid Dynasty
From Freepedia
The Timurids were a mixed Turkic-Mongol and Persian (Turco-Persian) dynasty of Central Asia established by Timur (Tamerlane). Timur conquered large parts of Transoxianain modern day Central Asia and Iran, from 1363 onwards with various alliances (Samarqand in 1366, and Balkh in 1369), and was recognized as ruler over them in 1370. Acting officially in the name of the Mongolian Chagatai ulus, he subjugated Mongolistan and Khwarazm in the years that followed and began a campaign westwards in 1380. By 1389 he had removed the Kartids from Afghanistan (Herat) and advanced into Iran and Iraq from 1382 (capture of Isfahan in 1387, removal of the Muzaffarids from Shiraz in 1393, and expulsion of the Jalayirids from Baghdad). In 1394/95 he triumphed over the Golden Horde and enforced his sovereignty in the Caucasus, in 1398 subjugated what is today Pakistan and northern India and occupied Delhi, in 1400/01 conquered Aleppo, Damascus and eastern Anatolia, in 1401 destroyed Baghdad and in 1402 triumphed over the Ottomans at Ankara. In addition, he transformed Samarqand into the 'Center of the World'.
Rulers of Timurid dynasty
Timur 1370 - 1405 (771-807 AH) with Suyurghitmish Chughtai as overlord followed by Mahmood Chughtai as overlord followed by Mahmood Chughtai as overlord and finally Muhammad Sultan as heir
Khalil Sultan 1405 - 1409 (807-11 AH)
Pir Muhammad bin Jahangir 1405 - 1407 (807-808 AH)
Qaidu bin Pir Muhammad bin Jahangir 808-811 AH
Abu Bakr bin Miran Shah 1405 - 1407 (807-809 AH)
Pir Muhammad bin Umar Sheikh 807-812 AH
Rustam 812-817 AH
Sikandar 812-17 AH
Shah Rukh Timurid 1405 - 1447 (807-50 AH)
Alaudaullah 851 AH
Abu Bakr bin Muhammad 851 AH
Ulugh Beg-I 1447 - 1449 (851-53 AH) - ruler of Samarkand 1409 - 1449
'Abd al-Latif 1449 - 1450 (853-854 AH)
'Abd-Allah Timurid 1450 - 1451 (854-55 AH)
Sultan Abu Sa’id Gurgan 1451 - 1469 (855-73 AH), ruler of Herat 1459 - 1469
Abu'l-Qasim Babar 1447 - 1457 (853-61 AH) - ruler of Herat
Shah Mahmud 1457 (861-863 AH) - ruler of Herat
Ibrahim Timurid 1457 - 1459 (861 AH) - ruler of Herat
Sultan Muhammad 850-55 AH
Sultan Hussain 1469 - 1470, 1470 - 1506 (862-911 AH) - ruler of Herat
Yadigar Muhammad 1470 (873-875 AH) - ruler of Herat
Muhammad bin Hussain 903-906 AH
Abul A'la Faridun Hussain 911-912 AH
Muzzafar Hussain 1506 - 1507 (911-912 AH) - ruler of Herat , brother of Badiuzzaman
Badiuzzaman 1506 - 1507 (905-908 and 911-914 AH) - ruler of Herat
Muhammad Mohsin Khan 911-912 AH
Muhammad Zaman Khan 920-923 AH
Shahrukh II bin Abu Saeed Timurid 896-897 AH
Ulugh Beg Kabuli 873-907 AH
Sultan Ahmad ibn Abu Sa’id Timurid 1469 - 1494 (873-899 AH) - ruler of Samarkand
Sultan Mahmud ibn Abu Sa’id Timurid 1494 - 1495 (873-900 AH) - ruler of Samarkand
Masud Timurid 899-906 AH - ruler of Samarkand 1495
Sultan Baysunghur 1495 - 1497 (900 AH) - ruler of Samarkand
Sultan Ali Mirza 1495 - 1500 (900-05 AH) - ruler of Samarkand
Sultan Uways 913-927 AH
Zahiruddin Babar Mirza 903-906 AH
Humayun Mirza son of Babar 937-963 AH
Kamran Mirza 937-962 AH
Abul Qasim Muhammad bin Kamran 968 AH
Akbar Mirza 963-1014 AH
Suleiman Mirza 936-92 AH
Shahrukh III son of Ibrahim 983-87 AH
References
- Grundriss der iranischen Philologie, Geigher and Kuhn, (Strassburg, 1895-1904)
- Seven Great Monarchies of the Ancient Eastern World, Rawlinson, (London, 1865)
- Eranische Altertumskunde, Spiegel, (Leipzig, 1871-78, three volumes)
- Los pueblos Iranios y Zoroastro, Ayuso, (Madrid, 1874)
- Les Iraniens, Fontane, (Paris, 1881)
- Civilization of the Eastern Iranians, Geiger, (translated, London, 1885)
- Die arische Periode und ihre Zustände, Spiegel, (Leipzig, 1887)
- Au Kurdistan, en Mésopotamie et en Perse, Binder, (Paris, 1887)
- Les peuples actuels de la Perse, Housaye, (Lyon, 1887)
- La Perse, la Chaldée, et la Susiane, Dieulafoy, (Paris, 1887)
- Geschichte Irans von Alexander der Grosse bis zum Untergang der Arsaciden, Gutschmid, (Tübingen, 1888)
- Persia and the Persian Question, Curzon, (London, 1892)
- Iranisches Namenbuch, Justi, (Marburg, 1895)
- Iran and Turan, Brunnhofer, (Leipzig, 1899)
- The K. R. Cama Memorial Volume: Essays on Iranian Subjects Written by Various Scholars in Honor of Kharshedji Rustamji Cama, J. J. Modi, editor, (Bombay, 1900)
- Eransahr nach der Geographie des Pseudo-Moses Xorena'i, Marquart, (Berlin, 1901)
- Scythians and Greeks, Minns, (Cambridge, 1913)
- Iran and the Iranians: Being an Account of the History, Religion, Constitution, and Arts of the Persian People, Y. B. Mirza, (Baltimore, 1913)
External links
- Timurids Dynasty
- Timurids Art
- Virtual Art Exhibit
- Chronology of Samarkand rulers
- Chronology of Herat rulers
