Torontál

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Torontál
Image:Kingdom of Hungary counties 1768x1168.png
County seat in 1910	Nagybecskerek CS Zrenjanin
Area in 1910	10,016 km²
Population in 1910	615,200
Present country	Serbia, Romania, Hungary

Torontál (in Hungarian: Torontál, in Serbian: Torontal or Торонтал) is the name of administrative county (comitatus) of the historic Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is presently in northern Serbia (eastern Vojvodina, except the small part near Belgrade, which is part of Central Serbia), western Romania and southern Hungary. The capital of the county was Zrenjanin (Hungarian: Nagybecskerek).

Contents 1 Geography 2 History 3 Demographics 4 Subdivisions

Geography

Torontál county was part of the Banat region. It shared borders with Serbia and the Hungarian counties Szerém, Bács-Bodrog, Csongrád, Csanád, Arad and Temes (the first county was part of Croatia-Slavonia). The river Danube formed its southern border, the river Tisza its western border, and the river Mureş (Hungarian: Maros) its northern border. Its area was 10,042 km² around 1910.

History

Torontál county was formed before the 15th century. The county was taken by the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century, and was included into the Elayet of Temesvar. After the Banat was captured by the Austrians in 1718, the area of the county was included into the Banat of Temesvar, a Habsburg province. This province was abolished in 1778, and the area of the county was incorporated into Habsburg Hungary.

In 1848/1849 the area of the county was part of Serbian Vojvodina, while between 1849 and 1860 it was part of Vojvodina of Serbia and Tamiš Banat, a separate Habsburg province. The Torontál county was re-established in the 1860s, when the area was incorporated into the Kingdom of Hungary.

In 1918, the county first became part of the newly formed Banat Republic, and then part of the also newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. By the Treaty of Trianon of 1920, the area of the county was divided between the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, Romania, and Hungary. Most of the county was located in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (which later became Yugoslavia). The north-eastern part of the county was located in Romania, and the northernmost part of the county (a small area south of Szeged) was located in Hungary and became part of the new county Csanád-Arad-Torontál.

The Yugoslav part of the pre-1918 Torontál county (the western Banat region) is presently part of Serbia (mostly in the autonomous region of Vojvodina, except the small part near Belgrade, which is part of Central Serbia). The Romanian part is now part of Timiş county. The Hungarian part is now part of Csongrád county.

Demographics

According to the census of 1910, the county had 615,151 inhabitants.

Population by language (1910 census):

• Serbian = 199,750 (32.47%)
• German = 165,779 (26.95%)
• Hungarian = 128,405 (20.87%)
• Romanian = 86,937 (14.13%)
• Slovakian = 16,143
• Croatian = 4,203

Subdivisions

In the early 20th century, the subdivisions of the county Torontál were:

Districts (járás)
District	Capital
Alibunár	Alibunár, CS Alibunar
Antalfalva	Antalfalva, CS Kovačica
Bánlak	Bánlak, RO Banloc
Csene	Csene, RO Cenei
Módos	Módos, CS Jaša Tomić
Nagybecskerek	Nagybecskerek, CS Zrenjanin
Nagykikinda	Nagykikinda, CS Kikinda
Nagyszentmiklós	Nagyszentmiklós, RO Sânnicolau Mare
Pancsova	Pancsova, CS Pančevo
Párdány	Párdány, CS Međa
Perjamós	Perjamós, RO Periam
Törökbecse	Törökbecse, CS Novi Bečej
Törökkanizsa	Törökkanizsa, CS Novi Kneževac
Zsombolya	Zsombolya, RO Jimbolia
Urban counties (törvényhatósági jogú város)
Pancsova, CS Pančevo
Urban districts (rendezett tanácsú város)
Nagybecskerek, CS Zrenjanin
Nagykikinda, CS Kikinda

The towns Sânnicolau Mare, Periam, Jimbolia, Cenei and Banloc are presently in Romania, the other mentioned towns are presently in Serbia.