Turkic languages
From Freepedia
The Turkic languages are a group of related languages that are spoken by a variety of peoples distributed across a vast area from Eastern Europe to Siberia and Western China with estimated 100-130 million native speakers. The Turkic languages are generally considered to be part of the Altaic language family.
The Turkic language with the greatest number of speakers is Anatolian Turkish.
Turkic languages are agglutinative and exhibit vowel harmony.
Turkic tribes and their languages have mixed throughout centuries, making an objective classification difficult. One attempt is as follows:
- Oghuric (also Hunnic or Lir Turkic)
- Common Turkic
- Khalaj
- Core Turkic
- Yakut group: Yakut, Dolgan
- Tuva-Altai group: Khakas, Altai, Northern Altai, Shor, Tuvan, Tofa
- Chagatai group (or Karluk): Uzbek, Uighur (Öyğur), Chagatai (extinct), Yughur (Yellow Uighur), Salar
- Kypchak (Qıpçaq) group, named after the Kypchaks
- Uralian: Tatar, Baraba, Bashkir, Chulym, Crimean Tatar
- Aralo-Caspian: Kazakh (Qazaq), Kyrgyz, Karakalpak, Nogai
- Ponto-Caspian: Karachay-Balkar, Kumyk, Karaim, Krymchak (Judeo-Crimean Tatar), Pecheneg (extinct), Cuman (extinct)
- Oğuz group, named after the Oghuz Turks (Southwestern)
- unclassified: Urum
Various elements have passed to Turkic languages especially from Chinese, Persian, Russian and Arabic languages, and various elements from Turkic languages have passed into Hungarian, Persian, and have been carried as far as India, the northernmost territories of Russia, and possibly even to North America.
See also
External links
- Map of Turkic languages
- Classification of Turkic Languages
- Online Turkish Language
- Online Uyghur-English Dictionary
- Dmoz.org/../Languages/Altaic/Turkic/
- Türk Dili
