Voiceless alveolar affricate

From Freepedia

The voiceless alveolar affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ʦ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is ts. The voiceless alveolar affricate occurs in such languages as German, Esperanto, Russian, Japanese and Mandarin Chinese, among many others.

IPA – number	103 (132)
IPA – text	ʦ
IPA – image	[[Image:]]
entity	ʦ
X-SAMPA	ts
Kirshenbaum	ts
Sound sample ▶(?)

Contents 1 Features 2 In English 3 Other languages 3.1 Esperanto 3.2 German 3.3 Russian

Features

Features of the voiceless alveolar affricate:

• Its manner of articulation is sibilant affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then directing it through a groove in the tongue and over the sharp edge of the teeth, causing high-frequency turbulence.
• Its place of articulation is alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue against the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
• Its phonation type is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
• It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
• It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the center of the tongue, rather than the sides.
• The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.

In English

This sound occurs in English as the 'ts' sound found in the word pizza ([ˈpʰi˘ʦə̞] or /ˈpiʦə/).

Other languages

Esperanto

This sound is found in the Esperanto letter c, as in the word ceceo ('tsetse fly').

German

In German, the sound is represented by the letter z, as in zehn ('ten'), by the digraph tz, as in Schnitzel, or by the letter c followed by any vowel but o or u, as in Cäsar ('Caesar').

Russian

In Russian this sound is represented by the letter ц, as in революция ('revolution').

Consonants (List, table)	See also: IPA, Vowels
Pulmonics Bilabial Lab'den. Dental Alveolar Postalv. Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn. Epiglottal Glottal   Non-pulmonics and other symbols Plosives p b t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ  Clicks  ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ Nasals m ɱ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ  Implo­sives  ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ Trills ʙ r • ʀ •  Ejec­tives  pʼ tʼ kʼ qʼ sʼ Flaps & Taps • • ɾ ɽ • Other laterals  ɺ ɫ Fricatives ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ Co-articulated approximants  ʍ w ɥ Lat. Fricatives ɬ ɮ • • • Other fricatives  ɕ ʑ ɧ    Approximants    β̞ ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ Affricates  ʦ ʣ ʧ ʤ Lat. Appr'mants l ɭ ʎ ʟ Co-articulated stops  kp ɡb ŋm
This page contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help] Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged impossible.