Voiceless velar plosive

From Freepedia

IPA – number	109
IPA – text	k
IPA – image	Image:Xsampa-k.png
entity	k
X-SAMPA	k
Kirshenbaum	k
Sound sample ▶(?)

The voiceless velar plosive is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is k, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is k.

The [k] sound is a very common sound cross-linguistically. Most languages have at least a plain [k], and some distinguish more than one variety. Many Indian languages, such as Hindi, have a two-way contrast between aspirated and plain [k].

Contents 1 Features 2 Varieties of [k] 3 In English 4 In Georgian 5 In German 6 See also

Features

Features of the voiceless velar plosive:

• Its manner of articulation is plosive or stop, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract.
• Its place of articulation is velar which means it is articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate (the velum).
• Its phonation type is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
• It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
• It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
• The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.

Varieties of [k]

IPA	Description
k	plain k
kʰ	aspirated k
kʲ	palatalized k
kʷ	labialized k
k˺	unreleased k
k̬	voiced k
kʼ	ejective k

In English

In English, it is the sound denoted by the letter 'c' in cat or the letter 'k' in skin. English has both aspirated and plain [k], but they are allophones. It is commonly noted that the English letter 'c' is redundant, since its hard and soft sounds are represented by 'k' and 's', respectively.

When [k] occurs at the beginning of a word or a stressed syllable, like in cry, vacation, or Korea, then it is always aspirated. When it occurs at the beginning of an unstressed syllable that isn't at the beginning of a word, like in trafficking, walker, or typical, then it is slightly aspirated or unaspirated. When [k] occurs in a consonant cluster following [s], like in sky, scrape, or whisker, then it is always unaspirated. When it occurs at the end of a word, like in pack, silk, or whisk, then it is usually unaspirated, and if the word is at the end of an utterance, then the [k] is often unreleased.

In Georgian

Georgian has aspirated and ejective [k]. They are distinct phonemes, not allophones. Aspirated k is spelled with ქ. Ejective k is spelled with კ.

In German

In German, as in English, aspirated and plain [k] are allophones.

See also

• list of phonetics topics

Consonants (List, table)	See also: IPA, Vowels
Pulmonics Bilabial Lab'den. Dental Alveolar Postalv. Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn. Epiglottal Glottal   Non-pulmonics and other symbols Plosives p b t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ  Clicks  ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ Nasals m ɱ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ  Implo­sives  ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ Trills ʙ r • ʀ •  Ejec­tives  pʼ tʼ kʼ qʼ sʼ Flaps & Taps • • ɾ ɽ • Other laterals  ɺ ɫ Fricatives ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ Co-articulated approximants  ʍ w ɥ Lat. Fricatives ɬ ɮ • • • Other fricatives  ɕ ʑ ɧ    Approximants    β̞ ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ Affricates  ʦ ʣ ʧ ʤ Lat. Appr'mants l ɭ ʎ ʟ Co-articulated stops  kp ɡb ŋm
This page contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help] Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged impossible.